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821.
C.R. Philbrick M.E. Garnder P. Lämmerzhal 《Advances in Space Research (includes Cospar's Information Bulletin, Space Research Today)》1983,3(1):95-98
Measurements of the density and composition of the thermosphere between 150 and 500 km, which were obtained by the S3-1 satellite, have been compared with the Jacchia and MSIS models. The measurements of the densities of O, N2, N and Ar show some differences from the current models which should be considered during the preparation of the next CIRA model. The Ar measurements are particularly useful in examining the response of the neutral atmosphere to geomagnetic heating. These results are useful in establishing the appropriate lower boundary conditions for modeling of the thermosphere. 相似文献
822.
H. Stiller R. Knuth P. Bormann 《Advances in Space Research (includes Cospar's Information Bulletin, Space Research Today)》1983,3(7):95-101
Following a historical review of the first activities of GDR scientists in the fields of space research, especially on astronomical and geodetical satellite-observations and in atmospheric and magnetospheric research, the growing scientific and increasingly efficient technological and economic benefits of the cooperation of the Academy of sciences and other scientific and technological institutions of the GDR within the Intercosmos-programme are described. Especially, the experiences in connection with remote sensing, of the cooperation with countries as Cuba and the Peoples Republic of Vietnam and of the common USSR - GDR manned spaceflight are discussed under the viewpoint of the mutual interests of developing and developed countries in the fields of space science and technology. 相似文献
823.
R. Fabbri 《Advances in Space Research (includes Cospar's Information Bulletin, Space Research Today)》1981,1(13):19-32
We review the measurements of the cosmic background anisotropies at all angular scales. Special attention is devoted to experimental problems and questions concerning the data analysis. 相似文献
824.
R H Haynes C P McKay 《Advances in Space Research (includes Cospar's Information Bulletin, Space Research Today)》1992,12(4):133-140
Environmental conditions on Mars are extremely hostile, and would be destructive to any organisms which might arrive there unprotected to-day. However, it is a biocompatible planet. Its unalterable astrophysical parameters would allow the maintenance of a much thicker, warmer carbon dioxide atmosphere than that which currently exists. Though very cold (averaging about -60 degrees C), highly oxidizing and desiccated, Mars may possess substantial quantities of the materials needed to support life--in particular, water and carbon dioxide. A general scenario for implanting life on Mars would include three main phases: (1) robotic and human exploration to determine whether sufficiently large and accessible volatile inventories are available; (2) planetary engineering designed to warm the planet, release liquid water and produce a thick carbon dioxide atmosphere; and (3) if no indigenous Martian organisms emerge as liquid water becomes available, a program of biological engineering designed to construct and implant pioneering microbial communities able to proliferate in the newly clement, though still anaerobic, Martian environment. The process of establishing an ecosystem, or biosphere, on a lifeless planet is best termed 'ecopoiesis.' This new word, derived from Greek, means 'the making of an abode for life.' It is by no means clear whether ecopoiesis on Mars is scientifically possible or technologically achievable. Thus we urge that it be one of the objectives of space research during the next century to assess the feasibility of ecopoiesis on Mars. 相似文献
825.
The detection of a broadband plane wave in an isotropic noise field is considered. The detection statistic used is the cross correlation of the sampled output from two sensors where the sampling rate equals the Nyquist rate and the time delay is an integer multiple of the sampling period. By restricting the number of points in the cross correlation to be even, the detection and false-alarm probbilities are obtained in closed form. Numerical results are presented for several special cases. 相似文献
826.
H R Withers 《Advances in Space Research (includes Cospar's Information Bulletin, Space Research Today)》1983,3(8):249-256
Slowly-developing tissue changes after neutron irradiation should be more easily predicted from acutely-developing injury than is the case with X rays. The difference between tissue responses to neutrons and X rays is that cell survival in both rapidly and slowly responding tissues is a direct logarithmic function of neutron dose, at least up to about 3 Gy, whereas the X-ray dose-survival relationship differs between the two types of tissue: the target cells for late injury are more susceptible to killing from accumulation of sub-lethal X-ray injury and hence the survival curve diverges from its initial essentially linear region more rapidly than does that for the target cells for acute injury. 相似文献
827.
Mahle C.E. Geller B.D. Potukuchi J.R. Hyde G. 《Aerospace and Electronic Systems Magazine, IEEE》1988,3(11):3-10
Technology drivers for commercial communications satellites are examined based on the efficient use of spacecraft mass which is to be accomplished by increasing the efficiency of the microwave power amplifiers and antenna feed systems used for communications satellites, such as the INTELSAT series. The history of the INTELSAT series of satellites, the late 1980s market and available technology, and future directions of development are considered. Emphasis is on multibeam solid-state antennas, microwave switch matrices, solid-state power amplifiers, and the use of several filter modes in one physical cavity. By using quasimonolithic solid state techniques in a class B amplification mode they have achieved 40-60% efficiencies, compared with 20% for the conventional travelling wavetube amplifiers. It is concluded that technology directed towards improving the economics of satellite communications will continue to be a major driver of future communications satellite payloads. Through their use and their extension, the authors foresee more than doubling the telephone channels per satellite from the current 80000 to perhaps 200000 by the turn of the century 相似文献
828.
T.M. Bauer G. Paschmann R.A. Treumann W. Baumjohann N. Sckopke 《Advances in Space Research (includes Cospar's Information Bulletin, Space Research Today)》1997,19(12):1947-1950
For a rotational MHD discontinuity the bulk flow is Alfvénic in the de Hoffmann-Teller frame. Using AMPTE/IRM data, we present ion distribution functions during three crossings of the dayside low-latitude magnetopause. For these crossings a well defined de Hoffmann-Teller frame can be found, but the field-aligned bulk flow is always slower than the Alfvén speed. Nevertheless, we find signatures in the distribution functions that provide clear evidence for magnetic reconnection: solar wind ions reflected off the magnetopause, “D-shaped” solar wind ion distributions in the boundary layer, and counterstreaming of solar wind ions and ionospheric ions in the boundary layer. 相似文献
829.
H. Taylor P. Cloutier M. Dryer S. Suess A. Barnes R. Wolff A. Stern 《Advances in Space Research (includes Cospar's Information Bulletin, Space Research Today)》1984,4(7):343-346
During the summer of 1979, solar coronal structure was such that a sequence of recurrent regions produced a corresponding sequence of corotating solar wind streams, with pronounced downstream signatures. One of these stream events passed Earth on July 3, and was observed later at Venus late on July 11th, with similar characteristics. Corresponding in-situ measurements at Earth from the Atmospheric Explorer-E satellite and at Venus from the Pioneer Venus Orbiter are examined for evidence of comparable perturbations of the planetary ionospheres. The passage of the stream shock front is found to be associated with pronounced fluctuations in n(0+) which appear as pronounced local depletion of ion concentrations in both ionospheres. The ionosphere disturbances appear to be closely associated with large variations in the solar wind momentum flux. The implied local ionospheric depletions observed at each planet are interpreted to be the consequence of plasma redistribution, rather than actual depletions of plasma. 相似文献
830.
J.-M. Lamarre B. Gondet R. Gispert C. Emerich F. Rocard 《Advances in Space Research (includes Cospar's Information Bulletin, Space Research Today)》1984,4(9):277-281
The imaging Channel of the IKS Instrument placed on board the Vega fly-by probes will perform measurements of the infrared emission of the central region of Comet Halley at distances in the 104 ? 105 km range. An encoding wheel analyses one spatial frequency of the infrared image during the whole fly-by. Inversion of this measurement will give low resolution brightness profiles of the nucleus and its immediate surroundings, in two wave-length bandpasses and in two directions of analysis. 相似文献