航天运载器的电气系统数字化研制技术

针对运载器电气系统的数字化,给出研制过程中层次的划分、研制的关键环节及相互关系,并对运载器电气系统的数字样机技术和产品全生命周期管理技术进行扼要的分析,最后给出完整的应用系统框架结构。为运载器的数字化研制作了重要的补充。     

侧滑对后掠翼飞机俯仰操纵影响的探讨

运用基础理论，对后掠翼飞机出现侧滑时的地仰状态变化进行分析。文中推导了后掠翼飞机的后掠角在有侧滑时对升力的影响，以及下洗角大小和分布的变化在水平尾翼处引起的俯仰力矩变化。通过时几种飞机的计算和分析比较，说明了后掠角在侧滑中具有提供上仰力矩的作用，从而在理论上解决了大后掠角飞机（如Ｊ—６飞机）出现侧滑时的急剧上仰现象和操纵措施问题，为在飞行中出现偏差进行修正提供了理论依据。对提高飞行员的驾驶技术和保证飞行安全有着积极的作用。     

固体火箭发动机燃烧室三维流场数值模拟

利用ＳＩＭＰＬＥ方法数值求解层流Ｎ－Ｓ方程，模拟了具有移动边界的固体火箭发动机燃烧室内的三维流场。网格划分采用交错网格技术，流场计算时不进行网格划分，而是直接读取网格点的值，将网格划分与流场计算分开，解决了现有计算机内存不够的问题，计算获得了满意结果。     

低RCS飞行器表面弱散射源研究

飞行器表面不同宽度缝隙、不同高度台阶、不同结构形式对缝（主要包括横向对缝、锯齿对缝两种）等弱散射源对前方雷达截面（RCS）有着比较重要的影响,为了说明控制弱散射源的重要性,介绍了常规飞行器表面结构的缝隙、台阶等弱散射源的分布情况及特点,采用理论方法分析了缝隙的雷达后向散射强度,设计了低RCS载体和实验模型,开展了不同宽度缝隙、不同高度台阶、不同结构形式对缝的RCS实验。结果表明：减小缝隙宽度、台阶高度,采用锯齿缝隙代替直缝隙等方法,是控制隐身飞行器表面电磁缺陷的有效技术途径。     

富氢/富氧燃气温度对同轴直流气-气喷嘴性能的影响

通过求解使用k-ε湍流模型的Navier-Stokes方程组对采用同轴直流气-气单喷嘴燃烧室的燃烧流场进行数值模拟,对比分析了富氢/富氧燃气推进剂与常温氢气/氧气推进剂条件下的燃烧流场、燃烧室室壁和喷注面板处的燃气温度,研究了富氢/富氧燃气温度变化对燃烧流场和燃烧室热载的影响。数值结果表明:富氢/富氧燃气气-气喷嘴的燃烧性能较好,但热载较高;富氢/富氧燃气温度一定范围内提高对燃烧性能影响不明显,而热载增加。     

双组元统一推进系统减压器稳定性仿真

针对某双组元统一推进气路系统采用的高压卸荷膜片式减压器,建立起有限体积瞬变仿真模型,并搭建起减压器特性研究系统的模块化仿真模型.针对试验过程中出现的振荡现象,借助数值手段阐明了各结构和控制参数对减压器工作稳定性的影响,得出了减弱振荡的各种措施:减小阀芯质量,增大高、低压腔体积,增大弹性元件材料的阻尼系数,减小反馈孔直径,增大膜片刚度.与试验和相关文献研究情况的对比证实了某些措施的有效性.     

真空羽流污染的数值模拟

姿控发动机真空环境下工作产生的喷流对航天器造成的污染非常严重.根据污染的性质,羽流污染又分为机械污染、热污染、沉积污染和化学污染.用直接模拟的蒙特卡罗(DSMC)法数值求解真空羽流场,在此基础上计算热污染和沉积污染,将对空间飞行器的设计和科学实验有参考价值.      

嵌入式高可信架构中基于静态模型的调度研究

为解决嵌入式高可信软件架构中的实时调度问题,分析了现有采用分区机制的安全系统中分区调度的不足,提出了一种基于固定周期分区的静态调度模型,并采用优先级位图算法建立了两级调度机制。为了保障分区中任务的实时性和正确性,对分区中任务采用静态优先级和最早时限优先调度(EDF)动态优先级两种调度策略,分别就其任务调度条件和可调度性进行了理论研究,针对复杂的动态优先级任务提出了一种可调度条件,并通过仿真实验进一步验证了此调度条件的正确性。     

Severe disruption of the cytoskeleton and immunologically relevant surface molecules in a human macrophageal cell line in microgravity—Results of an in vitro experiment on board of the Shenzhou-8 space mission

During spaceflight the immune system is one of the most affected systems of the human body. During the SIMBOX (Science in Microgravity Box) mission on Shenzhou-8, we investigated microgravity-associated long-term alterations in macrophageal cells, the most important effector cells of the immune system. We analyzed the effect of long-term microgravity on the cytoskeleton and immunologically relevant surface molecules. Human U937 cells were differentiated into a macrophageal phenotype and exposed to microgravity or 1g on a reference centrifuge on-orbit for 5 days. After on-orbit fixation, the samples were analyzed with immunocytochemical staining and confocal microscopy after landing. The unmanned Shenzhou-8 spacecraft was launched on board a Long March 2F (CZ-2F) rocket from the Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center (JSLC) and landed after a 17-day-mission. We found a severely disturbed actin cytoskeleton, disorganized tubulin and distinctly reduced expression of CD18, CD36 and MHC-II after the 5 days in microgravity. The disturbed cytoskeleton, the loss of surface receptors for bacteria recognition, the activation of T lymphocytes, the loss of an important scavenger receptor and of antigen-presenting molecules could represent a dysfunctional macrophage phenotype. This phenotype in microgravity would be not capable of migrating or recognizing and attacking pathogens, and it would no longer activate the specific immune system, which could be investigated in functional assays. Obviously, the results have to be interpreted with caution as the model system has some limitations and due to numerous technical and biological restrictions (e.g. 23 °C and no CO₂ supply during in-flight incubation). All parameter were carefully pre-tested on ground. Therefore, the experiment could be adapted to the experimental conditions available on Shenzhou-8.     

Experimental investigation of fuel regression rate in a HTPB based lab-scale hybrid rocket motor

The fuel regression rate is an important parameter in the design process of the hybrid rocket motor. Additives in the solid fuel may have influences on the fuel regression rate, which will affect the internal ballistics of the motor. A series of firing experiments have been conducted on lab-scale hybrid rocket motors with 98% hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) oxidizer and hydroxyl terminated polybutadiene (HTPB) based fuels in this paper. An innovative fuel regression rate analysis method is established to diminish the errors caused by start and tailing stages in a short time firing test. The effects of the metal Mg, Al, aromatic hydrocarbon anthracene (C₁₄H₁₀), and carbon black (C) on the fuel regression rate are investigated. The fuel regression rate formulas of different fuel components are fitted according to the experiment data. The results indicate that the influence of C₁₄H₁₀ on the fuel regression rate of HTPB is not evident. However, the metal additives in the HTPB fuel can increase the fuel regression rate significantly.