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11.
M. Nuevo S.N. Milam S.A. Sandford B.T. De Gregorio G.D. Cody A.L.D. Kilcoyne 《Advances in Space Research (includes Cospar's Information Bulletin, Space Research Today)》2011
Organic residues formed in the laboratory from the ultraviolet (UV) photo-irradiation or ion bombardment of astrophysical ice analogs have been extensively studied for the last 15 years with a broad suite of techniques, including infrared (IR) and UV spectroscopies, as well as mass spectrometry. Analyses of these materials show that they consist of complex mixtures of organic compounds stable at room temperature, mostly soluble, that have not been fully characterized. However, the hydrolysis products of these residues have been partly identified using chromatography techniques, which indicate that they contain molecular precursors of prebiotic interest such as amino acids, nitrile-bearing compounds, and amphiphilic compounds. In this study, we present the first X-ray absorption near-edge structure (XANES) spectroscopy measurements of three organic residues made from the UV irradiation of ices having different starting compositions. XANES spectra confirm the presence of different chemical functions in these residues, and indicate that they are rich in nitrogen- and oxygen-bearing species. These data can be compared with XANES measurements of extraterrestrial materials. Finally, this study also shows how soft X rays can alter the chemical composition of samples. 相似文献
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Although not yet identified in the interstellar medium (ISM), N-heterocycles including nucleobases-the information subunits of DNA and RNA-are present in carbonaceous chondrites, which indicates that molecules of biological interest can be formed in non-terrestrial environments via abiotic pathways. Recent laboratory experiments and ab initio calculations have already shown that the irradiation of pyrimidine in pure H(2)O ices leads to the formation of a suite of oxidized pyrimidine derivatives, including the nucleobase uracil. In the present work, NH(3):pyrimidine and H(2)O:NH(3):pyrimidine ice mixtures with different relative proportions were irradiated with UV photons under astrophysically relevant conditions. Liquid- and gas-chromatography analysis of the resulting organic residues has led to the detection of the nucleobases uracil and cytosine, as well as other species of prebiotic interest such as urea and small amino acids. The presence of these molecules in organic residues formed under abiotic conditions supports scenarios in which extraterrestrial organics that formed in space and were subsequently delivered to telluric planets via comets and meteorites could have contributed to the inventory of molecules that triggered the first biological reactions on their surfaces. 相似文献
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采用基于密度泛函理论(DFT)的第一性原理计算方法,研究了M2CoA型Heusler合金Mn2CoAl、Mn2CoSi、Ti2CoAl和Ti2CoSi的电子结构和磁学性质。发现Heusler合金Mn2CoAl是亚铁磁性自旋无带隙半导体,Mn2CoSi与Ti2CoAl是亚铁磁性自旋半金属,而Ti2CoSi是铁磁性自旋半金属。它们的总自旋磁矩均为整数,符合Slater-Pauling规则。然后,在分析电子能带结构和态密度的基础上,探讨了自旋无带隙半导体与半金属性的根源。最后,声子谱和弹性常数计算结果表明所有M2CoA型Heusler合金在晶格动力学和力学上均是稳定的。 相似文献
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W A Schutte L J Allamandola S A Sandford 《Advances in Space Research (includes Cospar's Information Bulletin, Space Research Today)》1992,12(4):47-51
The possibility that the organic molecules that have been found near comets could have formed by UV photolysis of interstellar ices was investigated by simulating this process in the laboratory. It is found that oxygen rich organics containing C-OH, C-H and C=O groups are readily produced in this way. These results indicate that part of the organic material in comets may have formed by UV irradiation of ices, either in the pre-solar nebula or in the interstellar phase. 相似文献
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W A Schutte L J Allamandola S A Sandford 《Advances in Space Research (includes Cospar's Information Bulletin, Space Research Today)》1995,15(3):401-406
We have investigated thermally promoted reactions of formaldehyde (H2CO) in very low temperature ices. No such reactions occurred in ices of pure formaldehyde. However, addition of trace amounts of ammonia (NH3) were sufficient to catalyze reactions at temperatures as low as 40 K. Similar reactions could take place in interstellar ices and in Comets and produce considerable amounts of organic molecules. 相似文献