一种利用尾舵偏转实现BWB飞机减速的方法

结合国内外的相关研究工作,提出了一种利用尾舵偏转实现BWB飞机发动机喷气气流方向的改变,进而达到减速目的的方法。基于求解三维欧拉法方程,数值模拟了不同尾舵偏转角度下BWB飞机发动机喷口附近的流场分布特性和反推力大小,并评估了着陆场长收益。气动与性能计算结果表明,在计算滑跑速度范围内,发动机喷气气流会冲击到偏转的尾舵上,进而产生反向喷气气流,并产生较大的反推力,有效降低着陆场长,且随着尾舵偏转角度的增加,反推和减速效果逐渐增大。     

大型民用飞机燃油箱污染影响与控制要求

基于大型民用飞机燃油箱常见污染物,对其进行分类,研究其来源,分析其对飞机及系统功能、性能、安全、经济性等的影响。针对飞机研制、生产阶段,从材料选用、燃油箱结构、燃油系统及相关系统设计上提出污染防护设计要求,从生产制造各环节与要素上提出污染防护控制要求。针对飞机运营阶段,对其勤务与维护维修提出污染防护监控要求。通过对飞机生命周期内燃油箱污染物的持续监控管理,实现支持飞机高效生产、安全运行的目标。     

Deformation behavior of non-rigid airships in wind tunnel tests

Deformation behavior of non-rigid airships in wind tunnel tests is studied by considering three factors, including internal pressure, flow velocity and angle of attack. Fiber Bragg grating strain sensors are used to measure the deformation of non-rigid airships. Wind tunnel tests in the case of different flow velocities and angles of attack are conducted. The measurement results reveal that the airship deformation is in proportion to internal pressure. For the tensile region,the airship deformation is in proportion to flow velocity. Effects of angle of attack on structural deformation are more complicated and there is no clear relationship existing between airship deformation and angle of attack.     

Containment of soft wall casing wrapped with Kevlar fabric

Aramid fabrics have been commonly used in the civil turbofan engine fan blade containment system for its excellent performance. To investigate the behavior and capability of soft wall containment casing, a series of fan blade released tests were conducted on the high-speed spin tester.The soft wall casing was fabricated by wrapping multiple layers of Kevlar49 plain woven fabric around a thin steel ring. Casings with different inner metal ring and outer fabric layers number were compared. The method of using the explicit dynamic software LS-DYNA to establish the finite element analysis model for the quantitative analysis of the containment process was developed and conducted. The simulation results are in good agreement with the test results. It is shown that the containment process of the soft wall casing can be divided into three impact stages. The casing with low-stiffness inner metal ring will get severe overall deformation and lose the structural integrity when it suffers the blade impact. Kevlar fabric layers will appear large bulge on outside surface and absorb the most impact dynamic energy of the high speed released fan blade. By summing up the results of the test and simulation, an empirical critical equation was derived to describe the relationship between the released blade dynamic energy and the Kevlar fabric thickness.     

Drag derived altitude aided navigation method

The navigation problem of the lifting reentry vehicles has attracted much research interest in the past decade.This paper researches the navigation in the blackout zone during the reentry phase of the aircraft,when the communication signals are attenuated and even interrupted by the blackout zone.However,when calculating altitude,a pure classic inertial navigation algorithm appears imprecise and divergent.In order to obtain a more precise aircraft altitude,this paper applies an integrated navigation method based on inertial navigation algorithms,which uses drag derived altitude to aid the inertial navigation during the blackout zone.This method can overcome the shortcomings of the inertial navigation system and improve the navigation accuracy.To further improve the navigation accuracy,the applicable condition and the main error factors,such as the atmospheric coefficient error and drag coefficient error are analyzed in detail.Then the damping circuit design of the navigation control system and the damping coefficients determination is introduced.The feasibility of the method is verified by the typical reentry trajectory simulation,and the influence of the iterative times on the accuracy is analyzed.Simulation results show that iterative three times achieves the best effect.     

被动射流旋涡对高速扩压叶栅气动性能的影响

提出了一种利用压力面与吸力面间压差产生射流旋涡的被动流动控制技术以改善压气机叶栅的气动性能,在进口马赫数Ma=0.67的高速扩压叶栅上验证了其有效性。结果表明,射流旋涡可有效增强吸力面附面层与主流间的能量交换,改变下游壁面涡的结构和尺寸,推迟流动分离,减小角区损失。当射流距分离线或端壁较近时,当地较厚的附面层使得旋涡上洗区的掺混损失增加;而射流距分离线或端壁过远时均会减弱下洗区能量注入对角区低能流体的影响;指向端壁的射流会增加壁面涡强度,而沿远离端壁方向过大的偏角则会减弱射流旋涡强度,从而减弱其控制效果。当射流轴向距叶片前缘xj/cx=40%、沿叶高距端壁h/H=15%、射流偏角β=60°时,其改善栅内流动的效果最佳,总压损失减小可达5.2%,而射流流量仅相当于主流的0.27‰。     

基于智能双重响应面法的涡轮叶盘可靠性灵敏度分析

为了合理进行整体叶盘多失效模式可靠性分析和准确描述各影响参数的重要程度,将智能算法与双重响应面方法相结合提出可靠性灵敏度分析的智能双重响应面方法 (Intelligent Dual Response Surface Method,IDRSM)。首先,建立IDRSM的数学模型,给出基于IDRSM的可靠性灵敏度分析的流程。然后,考虑流场和温度场作用,基于IDRSM对整体叶盘径向变形和应力两种失效模式进行可靠性分析和灵敏度分析。可靠性分析显示:当许用径向变形、许用应力的均值和标准差分别取3.8mm和76μm,690MPa和14MPa时,叶盘综合可靠度为0.9926。灵敏度分析显示:整体叶盘综合失效概率的主要影响因素为流速和转速,占叶盘总失效的92%。通过蒙特卡洛法、响应面法、极值响应面法、智能响应面法等四种方法比较显示:IDRSM能在保证计算精度的前提下提高计算效率。实例分析表明该方法在多失效模式综合可靠性灵敏度分析中的可行性和有效性,也为结构多失效模式可靠性优化开辟了有效途径。     

采用基于火焰面的燃烧模型研究部分预混燃烧

考虑到火焰面模型的优点,采用基于RANS的稳态火焰面模型,稳态火焰面/反应进度变量模型和非稳态火焰面/反应进度变量模型对部分预混燃烧室进行了数值计算,并将这三种燃烧模型的计算结果和实验值进行对比研究。发现稳态和非稳态火焰面/反应进度变量模型均成功地预测到了部分预混燃烧中的三岔火焰结构和火焰抬举现象,分析了三岔火焰的形成机理及抬举高度。文中稳态火焰面模型计算部分预混燃烧完全失效,无法捕捉到火焰抬举现象,稳态火焰面/反应进度变量方法计算的火焰抬举高度仅仅为10,基于反应进度变量为水、二氧化碳、一氧化碳和氢气的质量分数之和的非稳态火焰面/反应进度变量方法计算的火焰抬举高度仅为20,和实验值之间的误差为42.8%,而基于反应进度变量为一氧化碳和二氧化碳质量分数之和的非稳态火焰面/反应进度变量方法计算的火焰抬举高度大致32,和实验测量值35非常接近,误差仅为8%。对燃烧热力学标量温度和组分的计算,可以发现非稳态火焰面/反应进度变量方法和实验结果吻合最好,其次是稳态火焰面/反应进度变量模型,最差的是稳态火焰面模型。     

火箭发动机尾部结构优化研究

针对火箭发动机尾部壳体烧穿故障导致系统级失效的突出问题,运用贝叶斯网络模型推得影响系统可靠性的薄弱环节,结合试件性能与残骸分解数据,分析系统故障机理。采用有限元数值计算手段,由流场计算分析固定支架结构破坏后发动机内流场情况,进而明确系统结构优化方案。经结构优化考核试验,火箭发动机外壁温升降低62.17%,系统可靠性提高0.62%,实现可靠性增长的目的。     

空间激光通信系统光斑小目标跟踪算法研究

在空间激光通信链路中,大气湍流、结构设计误差、平台扰动等因素为链路的精确对准和精密跟踪带来了困难。为提高激光链路的跟踪精度,首先对光斑跟踪过程中的影响因素进行研究分析,继而对跟踪算法做出改进。针对跟踪目标特性,设计了一种自适应模板目标相关跟踪算法,并搭建了基于粗精复合轴跟踪系统的实验平台,开展了实验验证。结果表明：与当前常用跟踪算法相比,该设计处理速度可达 1 kfps,目标跟踪位置与真实位置基本重合,目标跟踪准确率高于98%,在处理速度、跟踪准确率与算法鲁棒性上均有较大提升,具有一定的实用性。