适用于非周期流固耦合问题的时间谱方法

针对非定常流固耦合设计、分析问题所面临的计算效率与精度、鲁棒性之间的矛盾,采取将Chebyshev谱方法与基于非定常面元和几何非线性梁有限元模型的流固耦合分析方法相结合的方式,建立了针对大展弦比机翼非定常流固耦合优化设计问题的,可与伴随方法相结合的时间谱方法。Chebyshev谱方法直接对流固耦合的控制方程进行处理,利用Chebyshev算子替换系统状态变量,将非定常问题转化为Chebyshev控制点处耦合的定常问题。通过这种方式建立的流固耦合时间谱方法具有较高的计算精度、效率和足够的鲁棒性。验证算例及Goland机翼颤振速度计算实例表明,Chebyshev谱方法的计算精度随着Chebyshev控制点个数的增加而不断增大。只需选取较少的控制点,Chebyshev谱方法便可以达到满足精度要求的计算结果。与此同时,建立的流固耦合时间谱方法不仅适用于周期性非定常问题还适用于非周期性非定常问题。     

Robust Navier-Stokes method for predicting unsteady flowfield and aerodynamic characteristics of helicopter rotor

A robust unsteady rotor flowfield solver CLORNS code is established to predict the complex unsteady aerodynamic characteristics of rotor flowfield. In order to handle the difficult problem about grid generation around rotor with complex aerodynamic shape in this CFD code,a parameterized grid generated method is established, and the moving-embedded grids are constructed by several proposed universal methods. In this work, the unsteady Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes(RANS) equations with Spalart-Allmaras are selected as the governing equations to predict the unsteady flowfield of helicopter rotor. The discretization of convective fluxes is accomplished by employing the second-order central difference scheme, third-order MUSCL-Roe scheme, and fifth-order WENO-Roe scheme. Aimed at simulating the unsteady aerodynamic characteristics of helicopter rotor, the dual-time scheme with implicit LU-SGS scheme is employed to accomplish the temporal discretization. In order to improve the computational efficiency of holecells and donor elements searching of the moving-embedded grid technology, the ‘‘disturbance diffraction method and ‘‘minimum distance scheme of donor elements method are established in this work. To improve the computational efficiency, Message Passing Interface(MPI) parallel method based on subdivision of grid, local preconditioning method and Full Approximation Storage(FAS) multi-grid method are combined in this code. By comparison of the numerical results simulated by CLORNS code with test data, it is illustrated that the present code could simulate the aerodynamic loads and aerodynamic noise characteristics of helicopter rotor accurately.     

Efficient prediction of ground noise from helicopters and parametric studies based on acoustic mapping

Based on the acoustic mapping, a prediction model for the ground noise radiated from an in-flight helicopter is established. For the enhancement of calculation efficiency, a high-efficiency second-level acoustic radiation model capable of taking the influence of atmosphere absorption on noise into account is first developed by the combination of the point-source idea and the rotor noise radiation characteristics. The comparison between the present model and the direct computation method of noise is done and the high efficiency of the model is validated. Rotor free-wake analysis method and Ffowcs Williams-Hawkings (FW-H) equation are applied to the aerodynamics and noise prediction in the present model. Secondly, a database of noise spheres with the characteristic parameters of advance ratio and tip-path-plane angle is established by the helicopter trim model together with a parametric modeling approach. Furthermore, based on acoustic mapping, a method of rapid simulation for the ground noise radiated from an in-flight helicopter is developed. The noise footprint for AH-1 rotor is then calculated and the influence of some parameters including advance ratio and flight path angle on ground noise is deeply analyzed using the developed model. The results suggest that with the increase of advance ratio and flight path angle, the peak noise levels on the ground first increase and then decrease, in the meantime, the maximum Sound Exposure Level (SEL) noise on the ground shifts toward the advancing side of rotor. Besides, through the analysis of the effects of longitudinal forces on miss-distance and rotor Blade-Vortex Interaction (BVI) noise in descent flight, some meaningful results for reducing the BVI noise on the ground are obtained.     

气氧甲烷单喷嘴燃烧室壁面热流的测量和数值模拟

为了研究气氧甲烷燃烧室的壁面热载荷,对一个包含同轴剪切喷嘴的燃烧室开展了热试研究,混合比2.647,室压2MPa。根据沿燃烧室轴向测得的壁面温度数据,利用逆向传热计算的方法获得了壁面热流分布。为了更好地分析实验结果,应用商业CFD软件ANSYS Fluent开展了相应的数值模拟研究,采用涡耗散概念模型模拟湍流燃烧过程。在进行分析之前对网格无关性进行了验证,比较了从数值模拟和实验获得的热流分布,结果表明所采取的模拟方法能够有效预测燃烧室壁面热流分布,最大热流值偏差17%,另外还从燃气温度场和流场结构方面分析了造成这种热流分布的原因。     

数据融合技术的军事应用

随着战术和战略问题的复杂性化，数据融合技术已经广泛地应用于军事。本文主要介绍了传感器信息获取，以及军用数据融合-决策支持的体系结构。     

某航空发动机全包线气动稳定性设计方法

根据稳定性基础理论及工程经验,以某型航空发动机为例,按GJB/Z 224-2005进行了全包线气动稳定性设计,并进行了试验验证.研究结果表明:发动机在高空小表速节流状态下风扇和高压压气机的需用稳定裕度均较大;在发动机包线右边界,风扇需用稳定裕度较大,且基本一致;着陆过程受喷管亚临界影响,风扇需用稳定裕度较大.因此,这些工况在发动机设计和使用中应重点关注.在发动机气动稳定性设计时应保证风扇和高压压气机可用稳定裕度大于需用稳定裕度,并留有一定余量.采用的设计方法可以有效地满足复杂工程研制需求.      

基于CFD/CSD技术的压气机叶片流固耦合及颤振分析

针对叶片故障的原因颤振问题,基于计算流体动力学/计算结构力学(CFD/CSD)耦合算法,研究了压气机典型叶片的流固耦合(FSI)问题及颤振特性.使用有限体积法求解非定常三维Navier-Stokes方程和有限元法求解三维结构体模型,在两个求解器间由载荷转换、网格变形传递和同步化方法完成数据交换及求解.以高性能风扇NAS...     

基于MIT自适应方法的直升机自动过渡控制系统设计仿真

为了实现直升机的反潜功能,需要设计自动过渡控制器。根据自动过渡控制模态的基本要求,通过合理利用限幅器,设计高度与地速控制回路,并通过协调控制两个回路,使高度下降到悬停高度时,地速同步地趋近于零。采用MIT自适应的方法来修正高度偏差,使高度按照设定的轨迹变化。通过仿真表明,该方法可使高度很好地跟踪上理想轨迹。     

横Π型梁在风洞应变天平阻力结构上的应用

主要通过对比传统T型梁和横Π型梁,对风洞应变天平的阻力测量梁进行了分析,根据分析结果提出了传统的横Π型阻力测量梁的改进方式,并通过有限元分析软件进行了优化分析,改进后的横Π型阻力测量梁降低了升力对阻力的干扰,并有利于提高天平阻力分量的稳定性。该测量梁结构应用到了某型飞机高速风洞试验测力天平上,天平静态校准结果与理论分析结果吻合,风洞试验时天平状态良好、性能稳定。     

某飞机部件高速风洞测力天平研制

为满足某飞机部件高速测力试验的需要,研制6台部件测力天平来测量飞机不同部件（机翼、平尾、垂尾、短舱、短舱＋挂架、翼尖小翼）所受的气动载荷,天平设计载荷极不匹配,且模型空间有严格的限制。设计时,主机测力天平采用后腹支撑,安装在机身构造线的下方,为部件天平的安装提供了可能,同时针对不同的天平采用了不同的结构形式：机翼天平采用正八边形结构,垂尾天平采用三片梁结构,平尾天平、短舱、短舱＋挂架采用矩形梁结构,翼尖小翼天平采用“z”字形结构,既满足了天平的测量需要,又确保了天平在模型中的安装位置和试验的足够间隙。部件天平的成功研制,及时为型号研制提供了可靠的试验数据。