天基强银河背景下的空间碎片探测试验及分析

本文设计并完成了银河背景下碎片探测试验,数据分析表明,强的银河背景会降低探测器对暗弱碎片的探测能力,但对碎片的天文定位精度影响不大。本文验证了采用基于探测概率的极限探测星等方法表征探测器极限探测能力的合理性,以及基于仿真的方法增加数据完备度的可行性。本文的工作将为后续天基探测器的设计及探测试验的开展提供依据。     

旋转弹气动力建模与飞行轨迹仿真

运用一种自回归滑动平均(ARMA)的时域气动力建模方法,以计算流体力学与刚体动力学(CFD/RBD)耦合仿真的输出结果为样本,对旋转弹的非定常气动力进行建模。利用建立的气动力模型与刚体动力学方程求解模块耦合,实现了旋转弹轨迹的快速仿真,并讨论了不同的建模方式对仿真精度的影响。算例结果表明:采用气动力模型与刚体动力学方程耦合仿真技术可以在不同初始发射条件下进行旋转弹飞行姿态与运动轨迹预测,且与CFD/RBD仿真结果吻合较好,证明ARMA气动力建模方法可以在保证旋转弹轨迹预测精度的同时大幅缩短仿真时间,节省计算资源。     

Magnetospheric Science Objectives of the <Emphasis Type="Italic">Juno</Emphasis> Mission

In July 2016, NASA’s Juno mission becomes the first spacecraft to enter polar orbit of Jupiter and venture deep into unexplored polar territories of the magnetosphere. Focusing on these polar regions, we review current understanding of the structure and dynamics of the magnetosphere and summarize the outstanding issues. The Juno mission profile involves (a) a several-week approach from the dawn side of Jupiter’s magnetosphere, with an orbit-insertion maneuver on July 6, 2016; (b) a 107-day capture orbit, also on the dawn flank; and (c) a series of thirty 11-day science orbits with the spacecraft flying over Jupiter’s poles and ducking under the radiation belts. We show how Juno’s view of the magnetosphere evolves over the year of science orbits. The Juno spacecraft carries a range of instruments that take particles and fields measurements, remote sensing observations of auroral emissions at UV, visible, IR and radio wavelengths, and detect microwave emission from Jupiter’s radiation belts. We summarize how these Juno measurements address issues of auroral processes, microphysical plasma physics, ionosphere-magnetosphere and satellite-magnetosphere coupling, sources and sinks of plasma, the radiation belts, and the dynamics of the outer magnetosphere. To reach Jupiter, the Juno spacecraft passed close to the Earth on October 9, 2013, gaining the necessary energy to get to Jupiter. The Earth flyby provided an opportunity to test Juno’s instrumentation as well as take scientific data in the terrestrial magnetosphere, in conjunction with ground-based and Earth-orbiting assets.     

Grain Surface Models and Data for Astrochemistry

The cross-disciplinary field of astrochemistry exists to understand the formation, destruction, and survival of molecules in astrophysical environments. Molecules in space are synthesized via a large variety of gas-phase reactions, and reactions on dust-grain surfaces, where the surface acts as a catalyst. A broad consensus has been reached in the astrochemistry community on how to suitably treat gas-phase processes in models, and also on how to present the necessary reaction data in databases; however, no such consensus has yet been reached for grain-surface processes. A team of \({\sim}25\) experts covering observational, laboratory and theoretical (astro)chemistry met in summer of 2014 at the Lorentz Center in Leiden with the aim to provide solutions for this problem and to review the current state-of-the-art of grain surface models, both in terms of technical implementation into models as well as the most up-to-date information available from experiments and chemical computations. This review builds on the results of this workshop and gives an outlook for future directions.     

中国运载火箭技术发展

中国航天运输系统建设起步于20世纪60年代,经过近50年的发展,取得了举世瞩目的成就,建设了布局合理、覆盖全面的空间运输系统体系,能够将不同有效载荷发射到低、中、高不同轨道。国际合作方面,在搭载发射、商业卫星发射服务和在轨交付3个方面也取得了一定成绩。对中国航天运输系统发展成就进行了总结,对航天运输系统未来发展特别是人工智能技术应用进行了展望。     

The Far Ultra-Violet Imager on the Icon Mission

ICON Far UltraViolet (FUV) imager contributes to the ICON science objectives by providing remote sensing measurements of the daytime and nighttime atmosphere/ionosphere. During sunlit atmospheric conditions, ICON FUV images the limb altitude profile in the shortwave (SW) band at 135.6 nm and the longwave (LW) band at 157 nm perpendicular to the satellite motion to retrieve the atmospheric O/N₂ ratio. In conditions of atmospheric darkness, ICON FUV measures the 135.6 nm recombination emission of \(\mathrm{O}^{+}\) ions used to compute the nighttime ionospheric altitude distribution. ICON Far UltraViolet (FUV) imager is a Czerny–Turner design Spectrographic Imager with two exit slits and corresponding back imager cameras that produce two independent images in separate wavelength bands on two detectors. All observations will be processed as limb altitude profiles. In addition, the ionospheric 135.6 nm data will be processed as longitude and latitude spatial maps to obtain images of ion distributions around regions of equatorial spread F. The ICON FUV optic axis is pointed 20 degrees below local horizontal and has a steering mirror that allows the field of view to be steered up to 30 degrees forward and aft, to keep the local magnetic meridian in the field of view. The detectors are micro channel plate (MCP) intensified FUV tubes with the phosphor fiber-optically coupled to Charge Coupled Devices (CCDs). The dual stack MCP-s amplify the photoelectron signals to overcome the CCD noise and the rapidly scanned frames are co-added to digitally create 12-second integrated images. Digital on-board signal processing is used to compensate for geometric distortion and satellite motion and to achieve data compression. The instrument was originally aligned in visible light by using a special grating and visible cameras. Final alignment, functional and environmental testing and calibration were performed in a large vacuum chamber with a UV source. The test and calibration program showed that ICON FUV meets its design requirements and is ready to be launched on the ICON spacecraft.     

高温空气传输特性对边界层稳定性及转捩预测的影响

为了研究黏度和导热系数对边界层内基本流和流动稳定性的影响,首先通过分析比较Sutherland公式和目前常用的Gupta等人的拟合关系式,建立了高温气体下黏度和导热系数的计算模型,并分别将Sutherland公式和新建立的计算模型应用于7组元化学平衡流的平板模型,在马赫数为10,16和20,飞行高度为30-5km等条件下分别对黏度和导热系数的模型进行比较.计算结果表明:在高温范围内,黏度和导热系数均影响着边界层的基本流、流动稳定性及转捩预测,且两者影响的趋势相反,黏度的增加、导热系数的减小都能使扰动的增长率变大,增长区变宽,转捩位置提前.      

改进型滑模变结构电机控制的脉振电流注入法研究

为了提高永磁同步电机无位置传感器技术的控制性能,在电机动态品质优化的研究中,以滑模变结构控制器替代传统的PI控制器,采用新型趋近律函数改进滑模控制器的输出模型,削弱了传统滑模控制存在的抖振,提高了控制系统的抗干扰能力。在分析无位置传感器技术时,引入高通谐振滤波器,采用具备以高信噪比为特点的两相静止坐标系下高频脉振电流注入法。仿真结果表明,在带高通谐振滤波器的高频脉振电流注入法中运用滑模变结构控制器,提高了转子位置估计的精度,增强了控制系统的鲁棒性。     

Development of wireless strain-gauge measurement system for structural tests

A wireless sensor system for data acquisition and processing during structural and fatigue tests is considered. A prototype of wireless strain-gauge measurement system is used in fatigue tests of a utility helicopter’s main rotor hub. The setup of the test rig and software are described.     

Trends in research of hydrodynamic damping in rotor supports of gas turbine engines

The paper studies different types of dampers for rotor supports of gas turbine engines (GTE). The advantages of hydrodynamic dampers are shown. Hydrodynamic dampers for GTE rotor supports are studied. A new design and technique of calculation are proposed for an adjustable hydrodynamic damper.