Skylab experiment M-092: results of the first manned mission

Blood pressure at 30-sec intervals, heart rate, and percentage increase in leg volume continuously were recorded during a 25-min protocol in the M092 Inflight Lower Body Negative Pressure (LBNP) experiment carried out in the first manned Skylab mission. These data were collected during six tests on each crewman over a 5-month preflight period. The protocol consisted of a 5-min resting control period, 1 min at -8, 1 min at -16, 3 min at -30, 5 min at -40, and 5 min at -50 mm Hg LBNP. A 5-min recovery period followed. Inflight tests were performed at approximately 3-day intervals through the 28-day mission. Individual variations in cardiovascular responses to LBNP during the preflight period continued to be demonstrated in the inflight tests. Measurements of the calf indicated that a large volume of fluid was shifted out of the legs early in the flight and that a slower decrease in leg volume, presumably due to loss of muscle tissue, continued throughout the flight. Resting heart rates tended to be low early in the flight and to increase slightly as the flight progressed. Resting blood pressure varied but usually was characterized by slightly elevated systolic blood pressure, lower diastolic pressure, and higher pulse pressures than during preflight examinations. During LBNP inflight a much greater increase in leg volume occurred than in preflight tests. Large increases occurred even at the smallest levels of negative pressure, suggesting that the veins of the legs were relatively empty at the beginning of the LBNP. The greater volume of blood pooled in the legs was associated with greater increases of heart rate and diastolic pressure and larger falls of systolic and pulse pressure than seen in preflight tests. The LBNP protocol represented a greater stress inflight, and on three occasions it was necessary to stop the test early because of impending syncopal reactions. LBNP responses inflight appeared to predict the degree of postflight orthostatic intolerance. Postflight responses to LBNP during the first 48 hours were characterized by marked elevations of heart rate and instability of blood pressure. In addition, systolic and diastolic pressures were typically elevated considerably both at rest and also during stress. The time required for cardiovascular responses to return to preflight levels was much slower than in the case of Apollo crewmen.     

Soviet proposals on the militarization of space

The USSR has submitted several proposals to the United Nations in recent years which are aimed at avoiding the militarization of outer space. This article examines three of the proposals and evaluates them in the context of existing treaties, to see whether or not they could resolve the political and legal problems which might arise. The reactions of the United Nations General Assembly and individual nations are also considered. The author concludes that several questions regarding the military aspects of space activity are left unresolved by the Soviet proposals.     

小议接地技术的应用

随着民航空管基础设施的发展,大量的电子、电气、通信设备系统获得了越来越广泛的应用。运行中的电子、电气、通信设备大多伴有电磁能量的转换,高密度、宽频谱的电磁信号充满了我们周围的环境,构成了极其复杂的电磁环境。为了确保通信系统、控制系统和计算机系统在这样的电磁环     

塞式喷管多参数性能优化计算

从影响塞式喷管推力性能的因素中总结出内喷管倾角，内膨胀比、总膨胀比，燃气总压和飞行高度这五个主要因素，并以推力最大为目标函数运用枚举和逐层优化的方法对上述五个参数的取值进行优化计算，提出了对这五个参数进行优化取值的方法并得到了相关结论，其结论可为实际的塞式喷管发动机设计研制提供部分的理论依据。指导相关设计参数的确定。     

最少燃料消耗的固定推力共面轨道变轨研究

本文研究了推力固定条件下，从圆轨道进入共面圆轨道一次入轨最节省燃料的推力方向控制策略。这类问题都可归结为两点边值问题，对自由初值的选取作了讨论，并采用打靶法迭代求解。计算了从停泊轨道到同步转移道以及两个过地圆轨道之间的最优转移，获得满意的结果。     

蜂窝夹层结构常见制造缺陷分析

蜂窝夹层结构已成为卫星结构设计中广泛应用的重要材料。基于蜂窝夹层结构制造过程的复杂性和不可逆性，注重工艺控制对产品质量的保证是非常重要的。文章对蜂窝夹层结构制造过程中，由于工艺条件不当造成的缺陷和改进方法进行了分析。     

离心加速声中液态浸渗纤维预制体动力学分析

在将纤维预制体视为“毛细管束”的基础上,采用达西定律建立了离心加速场中金属液浸渗纤维预制体的浸渗动力学模型。采用该模型分析了离心加速场中金属液浸渗纤维预制体的临界转速,考察了金属液浅注量、设备转速、铸件高度、金属液原如外半径以及纤维预制体孔隙率对离心加速场中金属 浸润纤维预制体的影响。结果表明,金属液浸润纤维预制体的临界转速只与临界压力、金属液的浇注量、铸件高度以及纤维预制休性质有关;增加金属液浇注量、设备转速及金属液原始外半径,降低铸件高度、预制体纤维体积分数,有利于金属液的浸渗。     

成像光谱仪编程选择波段数据采集系统的研究

随着成像光谱仪的发展,遥感数据量越来越大,这对电子学系统中的数据采集、传输和处理带来了一定的困难。基于目前技术和数据的实用性两方面考虑,采用编程选择波段的方法能够很好地解决数据量日益增大的问题,国内外的一些方案中已经对此有了一定的设想,即通过遥控指令改变波段数目、光谱取样间隔或波段的重组,这一切都要求有一个灵活性强、通用性好的数据采集系统,能够对不同的选择情况正确地收集用户所需的数据。文中对数据采集的可行性进行了研究,并提出了一个较为容易实现的方案。     

有分布质量系绳的卫星系统的动力学

以一组偏微分方程建立起的数学模型和采用距离速率控制算法来描述系统的受控运动。创建的递推算法用于计算系统的定常运动和称驻形。根据求解小偏差运动方程和通过边界条件求解特征根以判定驻形的稳定性。给出了模拟结果。