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971.
M. Grewing A. Vidal-Madjar A. Labeque C. Laurent A. Boksenberg C. Burgio S. di Serego Alighieri G.P. Whitcomb W. Burton C.I. Coleman R. Hoekstra C. Jamar J. Lequeux P. Rafanelli 《Advances in Space Research (includes Cospar's Information Bulletin, Space Research Today)》1982,2(4):147-151
Magellan is one of the future space projects being studied by the European Space Agency. The aim is to provide high resolution (λ/Δλ ≥ 2.5 × 104) spectra in the far and extreme UV (between 500 and 1550 Å) of faint galactic and extragalactic objects (V ≤ 16m). The instrument consists of a mechanical collimator, a concave holographic grating and a bidimensional photon-counting detector. A low resolution mode (λ/Δλ ≥ 103) will provide spectra of objects as faint as 18m.5. Magellan is planned as an observatory, operated in real time, and allowing interaction with the observer. 相似文献
972.
973.
Upadhyay T.N. Damoulakis J.N. 《IEEE transactions on aerospace and electronic systems》1980,(4):481-491
The design, implementation, and performance of a real-time estimation algorithm, referred to in this paper as the sequential piecewise recursive (SPWR) algorithm, for the global-positioning system (GPS) low-dynamics navigation system is described. The SPWR algorithm for this application was implemented in single precision arithmetic (32 bit, floating point). Numerical results are presented covariance and filter gains at a slower rate than the state measurement update, and it uses U-D factor formulation to perform covariance computations. The SPWR algorithm saves real-time processing requirements without appreciable degradation of filter performance. Another important feature of the SPWR algorithm is that it incorporates pseudorange and delta-range data from each GPS satellite sequentially for navigation solution. The SPWR algorithm, for this application, was implemented in single precision arithmetic (32 bit, floating point). Numerical results are presented. 相似文献
974.
R. S. Polidan 《Space Science Reviews》1989,49(3-4):85-94
In this paper we present new results from the Voyager ultraviolet spectrometers and the IUE spacecraft on V356 Sgr and Lyr. The V356 Sgr observations cover, in detail, two eclipses and include one IUE high dispersion SWP image. During both eclipses the total strength of the UV emission lines were found to be invariant. Also, an uneclipsed UV continuum was detected at wavelengths shorter than 1600 Å. The IUE high dispersion SWP spectrum revealed that the emission lines are extremely broad, almost symmetrical lines with weak, slightly blue shifted absorption components. No evidence of carbon is seen in the emission or absorption spectrum of V356 Sgr in eclipse. A model for the origin of the circumstellar matter in this binary system is presented. The Voyager ultraviolet observations of Lyr show a strong far-UV continuum that is detectable down to 912 Å The far-UV continuum flux level was variable on time scales shorter than the orbital period and displayed no obvious orbital modulation or eclipses. The spectral shape of the far-UV continuum closely resembles that of a UX UMa type cataclysmic variable. On 16 August 1985 an rapid brightening of the far-UV continuum was observed which was also reminiscent of cataclysmic variables. Analysis of the Lyr data suggest that the central object must be small, with a radius on the order of 1 R or less.This work is supported by NASA Grants NAGW-587 and NAG5-441. 相似文献
975.
A simplified practical approach to determining the effects of weather on the transmission of radiation at visible, infrared (IR), and millimetre (mm) wavelengths, with particular reference to the aircraft landing problem, is outlined. Passive landing systems are studied. Landing categories related to visibility are defined. An extinction coefficient used to relate the effect of the atmosphere on the radiation detected by the human eye (or an imaging sensor onboard the aircraft) to the landing category and the calculation of this coefficient are discussed. The approach makes use of data from openly available literature. Results have been found useful in indicating the effects of adverse weather on imaging sensor performance for an enhanced vision aircraft-mounted landing system. As an example of the technique, the method of determining the extinction coefficients in fog for infrared radiation is outlined 相似文献
976.
The establishment of a B-1 test bed is chronicled from identification of the requirement to the initial measurements program. Disassembly, modification, and reassembly of the airframe are covered. Future modifications and measurements are previewed. The facilities at which the B-1 test bed is located are briefly discussed 相似文献
977.
C E Swenberg L S Myers J H Miller 《Advances in Space Research (includes Cospar's Information Bulletin, Space Research Today)》1994,14(10):181-201
The relation between the site of energy deposition and the site of its biological action is an important question in radiobiology. Even at 77 degrees K, evidence is clear that these two sites must be separated since energy deposition is random but specific products are formed. Several processes that may contribute to this separation are: 1) hole migration and stabilization through deprotonation to give neutral oxidation product radicals; 2) electron trapping and transfer to form specific radical anions, possibly followed by protonation to give neutral reduction product radicals; and 3) recombination of spatially separated charges or radicals. These microscopic processes will be reviewed critically in an analysis using electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy (EPR) evidence for and against long-range transfer of energy and/or charge in frozen, hydrated DNA. 相似文献
978.
A method for estimating parameters of K-distributed clutter 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
A method for estimating the parameters of K -distributed clutter when the available sample size of the data is limited is proposed. In this method, the arithmetic mean and geometric mean of the given data are used to estimate the model parameters. Expressions characterizing the performance of the proposed estimator are presented, along with some simulation results. For spiky clutter, simulations show that parameter estimates obtained from the arithmetic and geometric mean are approximately equal to the numerically evaluated maximum-likelihood (ML) estimates. The method is also used to estimate the parameter of the Weibull density 相似文献
979.
We review here observations and models related to the chemical and thermal structures, airglow and auroral emissions and dynamics of the Venus thermosphere, and compare empirical models of the neutral densities based in large part on in situ measurements obtained by the Pioneer Venus spacecraft. Observations of the intensities of emissions are important as a diagnostic tool for understanding the chemical and physical processes taking place in the Venus thermosphere. Measurements, ground-based and from rockets, satellites, and spacecraft, and model predictions of atomic, molecular and ionic emissions, are presented and the most important sources are elucidated. Coronas of hot hydrogen and hot oxygen have been observed to surround the terrestrial planets. We discuss the observations of and production mechanisms for the extended exospheres and models for the escape of lighter species from the atmosphere. Over the last decade and a half, models have attempted to explain the unexpectedly cold temperatures in the Venus thermosphere; recently considerable progress has been made, although some controversies remain. We review the history of these models and discuss the heating and cooling mechanisms that are presently considered to be the most important in determining the thermal structure. Finally, we discuss major aspects of the circulation and dynamics of the thermosphere: the sub-solar to anti-solar circulation, superrotation, and turbulent processes. 相似文献
980.
The objective of the advanced launch system (ALS) program is to develop a family of launch vehicles which provides a substantial improvement in reliability, operability, and economy over existing systems. This requires that autopilot design and verification procedures be of minimum sensitivity to recurring costs while providing adequate, but not necessarily optimal, vehicle performance. One approach to accomplishing this task, namely, the utilization of advanced control design and analysis techniques, is considered. It is shown that the techniques, which represent a cross-section of developments in control theory, attempt to solve the ALS control problem in one of two ways: given increased knowledge of the launch vehicle and its environment, through greater model fidelity and additional sensor data; and autopilot design in the presence of quantified model/disturbance uncertainties and less stringent sensing requirements. It is concluded that the methods are promising and cost effective 相似文献