IBM3081处理机系统的研制和工艺问题

3081处理机系统由3081处理机和处理机的控制器、电源及冷却等支持设备组成。3081处理机(完全采用LSI技术)采用一种由两个中央处理机组成的双元结构,每一个中央处理机的机器周期都是26毫微秒,以相当于IBM3033两倍的速率执行370系统指令。本文扼要地介绍IBM3081所用工艺和设计方法的先进之处,及其系统设计方面的改进。要把LSI技术应用到3O81处理机(有80万个逻辑电路)的设计上就需要发展硅器件的组装、互连和冷却技术。3081的一项重要成就是成功地采用了热传导组件(TCM)。这种组件最多含4万5千个逻辑电路,冷却能力高达300瓦,还可省掉整整一个组装级——插件板。为了达到高可靠性和可维修性的目标,需要采取错误检测和故障隔离新方法。在系统的组装和结构上的创新,以及用软件及硬件模型进行广泛的系统设计检验,提高了该系统的性能。     

差分GPS／INS进场着陆飞行试验结果

１９９０年１１月豪内威尔／ＮＡＳＡ兰利中心联合进行的差分全球定位／惯导系统（ＤＧＰＳ／ＩＮＳ）飞行试验在弗吉尼亚州的Ｗａｌｌｏｐｓ岛进行。试验目的是使用一个与气压高度表和雷达高度表综合的ＧＰＳ／ＩＮＳ，以获得系统性能数据库，并验证自动着陆性能。飞行试验工作由ＮＡＳＡ兰利研究中心组织，并取得豪内威尔公司的支援，超过计划目标（１２０次着陆）的３６次着陆完全是自动ＤＧＰＳ／ＩＮＳ着陆。     

用计算流体力学解读急剧机翼失速

文章描述了在为期4年的急剧机翼失速（AWS）国家研究计划中用计算流体动力学所做的工作及获得的经验；详细论述了在跨音速机动状态现代美国战斗机和强击机遭遇到的跨音速流的复杂特性，内容包括针对这种高度复杂、有激波诱导的大分离粘性流动的网格处理、计算存储器和处理器要求、湍流模型、定常和非定常计算以及高度复杂的雷诺平均NS方程解与脱体涡模拟方法的比较。对F／A-18C飞机、AV-8B飞机、预生产F／A-18E飞机和F-16C飞机的跨音速机动状态进行了CFD模拟。模拟了各种襟翼位置，并将计算结果与大规模的风洞数据进行了比较；将结构与非结构网格获得的结果进行了对比；通过对模型在风洞中获得的表面油流和压敏涂层（psp）试验结果的定性比较以及有试验结果的详细定量压力系数数据来评估不同CFD方程式的适用性和计算精度。对比了这些计算软件和在这次研究中涉及的每种飞机的试验数据之间的静升力系数。     

无剪切湍流混合层中被动标量扩散的实验研究

研究被动标量在无剪切湍流混合层中的扩散。实验在风洞中进行,用大小网格尺度比为2∶1的网格实现无剪切湍流混合层,用烟粒子作为测量用的示踪粒子同时作为被动标量形成浓度场,用PIV测量得到速度场同时用Mie散射测量得到高施密特数的浓度场,由此可以计算得到速度和浓度相关,并用实验数据直接检验大涡模拟中亚格子应力Smagorinsky模式和亚格子质量通量梯度模式。     

NUMERICAL SIMULATION OF FLOW PATTERNS IN PLANAR JETS

INTRODUCTIONTurbulent jet flow is the most widely usedflow type in engineering applications especiallyfor combustion engines which provide most ener-gy sources for industrial production and trans-portation,and a large proportion of energy trans-portation and conversion processes is dominatedby transient evolution of large- scale structures,or so called coherent structures,in turbulentjets.As the flow control and optimization pro-cesses are closely related to the understanding ofdetailed in…     

Charged-particle telescope experiment on Clementine

The charged-particle telescope (CPT) onboard the Clementine spacecraft measured the fluxes of energetic protons emitted in solar energetic particle events. Protons in the energy range from 10 to 80 MeV were of greatest interest for radiation effects such as total dose and single event upsets. Energetic electrons were also of interest for spacecraft charging and their contribution to total dose. The lower-energy CPT electron channels (25-500 keV) were mainly of geophysical interest. While orbiting the moon, the CPT observed the wake created by the moon when it blocked the flow of energetic particles in the magnetotail region. The CPT provided opportunities to observe energetic electron bursts during magnetic storms and magnetospheric substorms. CPT data are particularly useful in multispacecraft studies of interplanetary disturbances and their interaction with the magnetosphere. The proton channels on the CPT provided data on solar energetic protons and storm-time protons associated with the passage of an interplanetary shock at 0903 UT on Feb. 21, 1994. Results are compared with those from GOES-7, SAMPEX, and GEOTAIL.     

Separation of bacterial cells by free flow electrophoresis under microgravity: a result of the SpaceLab-Japan project on Space Shuttle flight STS-47

We demonstrated free flow electrophoresis (FFE) of charged cells under microgravity, where gravitational effects are almost eliminated. Separation of a mixture of three bacterial strains (mutants of Salmonella typhimurium LT2) by FFE was conducted on NASA Space Shuttle flight STS-47 (September 1992). The experiment was designed to differentiate three strains having different lipopolysaccharide core structures in the cell membrane. The results were compared to those of ground experiments, in order to examine whether or not FFE in a weightless environment provides distinct advantages. Smooth strain SL1027 and rough strain SL3749 migrated to two separated fractions. The quality (viability) and the yields of the separated samples were sufficient to show the advantage of microgravity. Another rough strain, SL1102, exhibited unexpected electrophoretic behavior, which prevented the complete resolution of the three strains. All the strains were recovered as viable cells after 8 days of flight. The present study suggests that electrophoretic separation of bacterial cells is much more effective under microgravity conditions with relatively good resolution in comparison with the ground operation.     

从聚硫到丁羧—固体推进剂粘合剂化学的主要变化

从1945年到1949年,液体聚硫粘合剂的复合同体推进剂,由于它在硫化前易于加工,在硫化后具有良好的机械性能和粘合强度,因而达到了可以扩大生产的工艺水平。这些发展导致了浇注——壳体粘结方法,在五十年代成功的用在一些火箭发动机上。到1954年,开始合成含有可固化官能团的液体聚丁二烯粘合剂。聚丁二烯最终取代聚硫粘合剂,有如下几个原因:较高的比冲、优良的老化性能及较好的高、低温机械性能。本文评述了这些配方的发展历史,并介绍了从乙基缩甲醛、丁基缩甲醛、丁醚聚硫到聚丁二烯丙烯酸(PBAA)、聚丁二烯丙烯腈(PBAN)和端羧聚丁二烯(CTPB)的变革原因。给出了典型配方实例、性能及其存在的问题。     

An assessment of the impact of radiofrequency interference on microwave SETI searches

Investigations are carried out at JPL on radiofrequency interferences at very low levels (-130 to -180 dBm) in various bands, especially the 1-2 GHz band. Extrapolation of interferences in the years to come is attempted.