跨传感器异步迁移学习的室内单目无人机避障

针对强化学习策略由仿真环境向实际迁移困难的问题,以提高无人机采用无深度信息单目视觉时的行人规避能力为目标,提出一种基于异步深度神经网络结构的跨传感器迁移学习方法。首先,在仿真环境中仅使用虚拟单线激光雷达作为传感器,通过基于确定性策略梯度(DDPG)的深度强化学习方法,训练得到一个稳定的初级避障策略。其次,用单目摄像头和激光雷达同步采集现实环境中的视觉和深度数据集并逐帧绑定,使用上述初级避障策略对现实数据集进行自动标注,进而训练得到无需激光雷达数据的单目视觉避障策略,实现从虚拟激光雷达到现实单目视觉的跨传感器迁移学习。最后,引入YOLO v3-tiny网络与Resnet18网络组成异步深度神经网络结构,有效提高了存在行人场景下的避障性能。     

The Juno Gravity Science Instrument

The Juno mission’s primary science objectives include the investigation of Jupiter interior structure via the determination of its gravitational field. Juno will provide more accurate determination of Jupiter’s gravity harmonics that will provide new constraints on interior structure models. Juno will also measure the gravitational response from tides raised on Jupiter by Galilean satellites. This is accomplished by utilizing Gravity Science instrumentation to support measurements of the Doppler shift of the Juno radio signal by NASA’s Deep Space Network at two radio frequencies. The Doppler data measure the changes in the spacecraft velocity in the direction to Earth caused by the Jupiter gravity field. Doppler measurements at X-band (\(\sim 8\) GHz) are supported by the spacecraft telecommunications subsystem for command and telemetry and are used for spacecraft navigation as well as Gravity Science. The spacecraft also includes a Ka-band (\(\sim 32\) GHz) translator and amplifier specifically for the Gravity Science investigation contributed by the Italian Space Agency. The use of two radio frequencies allows for improved accuracy by removal of noise due to charged particles along the radio signal path.     

空间细胞机器人面向桁架在轨攀爬步态分析

面向空间在轨装配维修过程中的攀爬移动问题,基于空间细胞机器人(CSR)理念,提出连接细胞、转动细胞、末端执行细胞三种基本细胞单元。利用图论和拓扑学原理,在关联矩阵的基础上进行改进得到一种细胞迁移矩阵,直观准确地表达细胞机器人任意构型,以及不同节点之间的组织迁移过程。考虑桁架应用环境和细胞机器人自身的特点,划分出三种广义双杆攀爬工况,能够覆盖所有桁架攀爬任务需求。利用基于旋量理论的指数积公式进行不失一般性运动学分析。基于一致性、重复性以及无干涉原则,针对每种攀爬工况提出相应的攀爬步态,进行数值仿真分析,对比不同步态细胞机器人的关节力矩、能耗以及末端轨迹所占据工作空间等参数。仿真结果对空间机器人在轨攀爬路径规划以及控制方式的研究具有重要理论意义和工程价值。     

非线性预测控制在巡航导弹地形跟踪中的应用

建立了巡航导弹的非线性动力学模型,针对该模型的非线性连续预测控制方法,提出了预测跟踪误差和跟踪误差线性组合的性能指标,通过使性能指标最小,产生了巡航导弹地形跟踪的最优非线性反馈控制器,通过对虚拟地形的跟踪验证了控制器的性能,结果表明,该控制器不仅具有精确的跟踪性能而且具有良好的鲁棒性。     

滚控式变质心飞行器动力学特性分析与控制

为明确滚控式变质心飞行器的控制机理,为其工程实践提供相应的理论参考,建立包含滑块运动的滚控式变质心飞行器七自由度完整动力学模型,并分析讨论其运动特性以及动力学系统的特点。其次结合频域分析法对滑块运动与载体姿态运动之间的耦合影响以及动态响应过程进行分析研究,揭示了滚控式飞行器的控制机理。同时针对其通道间的耦合效应以及执行机构参数设置对控制能力的影响分析提出了对飞行器结构设计和控制系统设计的相关要求,为滚控式变质心飞行器的工程实践提供一些理论参考。     

Molecular Hydrogen

Observations of H₂ line emission in galactic and extragalactic environments obtained with the Infrared Space Observatory (ISO) are reviewed. The diagnostic capability of H₂ observations is illustrated. We discuss what one has learned about such diverse astrophysical sources as photon-dominated regions, shocks, young stellar objects, planetary nebulae and starburst galaxies from ISO observations of H₂ emission. In this context, we emphasise use of measured H₂ line intensities to infer important physical quantities such as the gas temperature, gas density and radiation field and we discuss the different possible excitation mechanisms of H₂. We also briefly consider future prospects for observation of H₂ from space and from the ground. Based on observations with ISO, an ESA project with instruments funded by ESA Member States (especially the PI countries: France, Germany, The Netherlands, and the United Kingdom), and with the participation of ISAS and NASA.     

Characterization of the slow wind in the outer corona

The study concerns the streamer belt observed at high spectral resolution during the minimum of solar cycle 23 with the Ultraviolet Coronagraph Spectrometer (UVCS) onboard SOHO. On the basis of a spectroscopic analysis of the O VI doublet, the solar wind plasma parameters are inferred in the extended corona. The analysis accounts for the coronal magnetic topology, extrapolated through a 3D magneto-hydrodynamic model, in order to define the streamer boundary and to analyse the edges of coronal holes. The results of the analysis allow an accurate identification of the source regions of the slow coronal wind that are confirmed to be along the streamer boundary in the open magnetic field region.     

JIRAM,the Jovian Infrared Auroral Mapper

JIRAM is an imager/spectrometer on board the Juno spacecraft bound for a polar orbit around Jupiter. JIRAM is composed of IR imager and spectrometer channels. Its scientific goals are to explore the Jovian aurorae and the planet’s atmospheric structure, dynamics and composition. This paper explains the characteristics and functionalities of the instrument and reports on the results of ground calibrations. It discusses the main subsystems to the extent needed to understand how the instrument is sequenced and used, the purpose of the calibrations necessary to determine instrument performance, the process for generating the commanding sequences, the main elements of the observational strategy, and the format of the scientific data that JIRAM will produce.     

Study of a Coronal Mass Ejection with SOHO/UVCS and STEREO data

We study the 3-D kinematics of a Coronal Mass Ejection (CME) using data acquired by the LASCO C2 and UVCS instruments on board SOHO, and the COR1 coronagraphs and EUVI telescopes on board STEREO. The event, which occurred on May 20, 2007, was a partial-halo CME associated with a prominence eruption. This is the first CME studied with UVCS data that occurred in the STEREO era. The longitudinal angle between the STEREO spacecrafts was ∼7.7° at that time, and this allowed us to reconstruct via triangulation technique the 3-D trajectory of the erupting prominence observed by STEREO/EUVI. Information on the 3-D expansion of the CME provided by STEREO/COR1 data have been combined with spectroscopic observations by SOHO/UVCS. First results presented here show that line-of-sight velocities derived from spectroscopic data are not fully in agreement with those previously derived via triangulation technique, thus pointing out possible limitations of this technique.