Space technology in developing nations: an assessment

Space technology can make an immense contribution to solving the problems of the world as a whole, and the developing nations in particular. This report summarizes the use of satellites by developing countries in the fields of communications, remote sensing, disaster management and space science. India and China, in particular, have built up impressive capabilities in several of these areas, but the great majority of developing countries still do not have access to this technology. The author addresses a number of proposals to the international community for bringing the satellite revolution to the developing world.     

粉体填充聚合物材料的热传导理论

综述了国内外有代表性的预测粉体填充聚合物材料的热传导理论,应用这些理论公式研究了粉体的含量、形态、复合界面等因素与复合材料热导率的关系,简要介绍了这些热传导理论的特点及其与实验值的偏差.     

V形前缘对激波入射边界层流动影响的数值模拟与分析

为指导V形溢流唇口下游的进气道内部流动分析,采用数值模拟开展V形尖前缘对二维斜激波入射平板边界层流动的影响研究。以气流偏转角6°的二元楔面为基准激波发生器,设计了展向气流收缩角α(0°~60°, 0°对应二元构型)的V形前缘构型,开展对比研究。结果表明,V形前缘构型使得激波入射位置沿展向不均匀、流动具有明显三维特征,并且干扰区壁面压强上升、分离区尺度明显增大。在α=0°~60°范围内,干扰区流动的不均匀程度、分离区尺度随α增大单调增加。进一步分析表明,V形前缘构型干扰具有中间平直、侧边斜掠的耦合入射特性,体现为对称面壁面压强符合自由干扰理论,侧边斜掠入射区参数符合斜掠干扰的锥形流特征。对比二元与α=45°构型的无粘模拟结果,V形前缘会诱导展向两侧对称的斜掠激波、并在对称面相互干扰产生平直的“桥”激波,这使得激波入射位置沿展向不均匀并偏向下游。其中对称面处平直入射激波压升比(2.49)高于二元构型结果(2.24),侧边斜掠激波强度与二元构型基本一致。这些因素综合导致V形前缘构型的分离尺度增大。