无筒空射运载火箭重力出舱机箭耦合动力学

研究了以运输机为平台的内装式空射运载火箭重力出舱载机-火箭两体动力学。根据火箭受力条件和相对运动自由度,将其出舱运动顺次分为5个阶段。给出了各阶段过渡的力学条件,基于牛顿-欧拉法分别建立了前4个阶段的机-箭两体动力学模型。定义了火箭出舱过程可能发生危险的多种异常情况,给出了发生异常的力学或几何条件。然后对火箭出舱全程作了数值仿真。若发射初始条件合理,仿真将顺次经历前4个或3个正常阶段,直至火箭离舱。如果异常情况的条件满足,火箭出舱将发生危险,仿真失去意义,故中止,需要调整发射初始条件后进一步仿真验证。本文给出的系统动力学模型和仿真数据可为工程部门设计空射型火箭的本体参数,以及设置空射初始条件提供参考。     

空间平台发射拦截器动力学与最优脉冲拦截

研究了空间平台发射拦截器的两体耦合动力学,以及拦截器拦截目标星的最优脉冲控制问题。平台首先与目标星形成绕飞关系,保持其发射筒轴线始终瞄准目标星。接到发射指令后,拦截器从发射筒中射出,本文采用拉格朗日第二类方程建立了发射过程平台-拦截器两体动力学模型。因为两体耦合影响,平台姿态偏转,拦截器出筒时的速度已经不能瞄准目标星。通过小型火箭发动机给其施加速度脉冲,使其进入拦截轨道,保证拦截的同时,将脉冲速度最小化以节省燃料,本文将其归结为一个非线性规划问题,采用三级优化的策略来求解。在拦截飞行时间相较于平台绕飞目标星的周期是小量的条件下,可以视绕飞平均角速度为小参数,采用正则摄动方法求出非线性规划的一阶近似解,然后以此为迭代初值,寻找最优真解。最后进行了数值仿真验证。     

共享内存网--面向飞机仿真的实时网络

将多台计算机连接起来,共同完成单个的实时任务(如飞机仿真)是一项非常具有挑战性的工程任务.本文论述了计算机分布式仿真的一些独特要求,对目前使用的两种主要方法进行了总结,将共享内存网的概念和传统的方法进行了对比介绍,共享内存网的设计方法、性能参数以及详细的设计过程也有论述.     

Near-infrared detection of potential evidence for microscopic organisms on Europa

The possibility of an ocean within the icy shell of Jupiter's moon Europa has established that world as a primary candidate in the search for extraterrestrial life within our Solar System. This paper evaluates the potential to detect evidence for microbial life by comparing laboratory studies of terrestrial microorganisms with measurements from the Galileo Near Infrared Imaging Spectrometer (NIMS). If the interior of Europa at one time harbored life, some evidence may remain in the surface materials. Examination of laboratory spectra of terrestrial extremophiles measured at cryogenic temperatures reveals distorted, asymmetric nearinfrared absorption features due to water of hydration. The band centers, widths, and shapes of these features closely match those observed in the Europa spectra. These features are strongest in reddish-brown, disrupted terrains such as linea and chaos regions. Narrow spectral features due to amide bonds in the microbe proteins provide a means of constraining the abundances of such materials using the NIMS data. The NIMS data of disrupted terrains exhibit distorted, asymmetric near-infrared absorption features consistent with the presence of water ice, sulfuric acid octahydrate, hydrated salts, and possibly as much as 0.2 mg cm(-3) of carbonaceous material that could be of biological origin. However, inherent noise in the observations and limitations of spectral sampling must be taken into account when discussing these findings.     

Eye light flashes on the Mir space station

The phenomenon of light flashes (LF) in eyes for people in space has been investigated onboard Mir. Data on particles hitting the eye have been collected with the SilEye detectors, and correlated with human observations. It is found that a nucleus in the radiation environment of Mir has roughly a 1% probability to cause an LF, whereas the proton probability is almost three orders of magnitude less. As a function of LET, the LF probability increases above 10 keV/micrometer, reaching about 5% at around 50 keV/micrometer.     

Measurements of radiation exposure in civil aircraft

The radiation exposures on 12 flights of German airlines were measured with an active dosemeter based on two silicon semiconductors. The dependence on the date, altitude and route of the flights was studied. Measured dose rates and preliminary dose equivalent rates of the individual flights are given and compared with model calculations.     

单晶高温合金叶片用熔模壳型的研制

介绍了一种加矿化剂的单晶壳型。它具有高强度、壁厚薄而均匀的特点，已应用该壳型成功浇注了单晶叶片。     

用在动态试验环境中的硅机械传感器

ＤＥＲＡ Ｆａｒｎｂｏｒｏｕｇｈ附属弹药装置与装配研究目前的主要目标是在保证装填器／发射器有效性的情况下改进一个典型的原理性离岸导弹附属弹药的充填度。武器的有效性研究指出实际上离岸导弹（ＳＯＭ）的可行有效载荷为八个５０ｋｇ的附属弹药。这些附属弹药将以两个一组的对称方式发射，对单个目标具有内部程序设定的能力，所以需要了解在发射期间作用在这些附属弹药上的冲击和加速度载荷，ＤＲＥＡ Ｍａｌｖｅｒｎ所进行     

NUMERICAL SIMULATION ON MULTI-FLUID INTERFACES

INTRODUCTIONThe study on phenomenon of multi- fluid in-terface driven by shock waves include:( 1 ) totrack the motion of multimaterial interfaces;( 2 )to simulate the chemical reaction on the inter-faces. As the pioneering work,chemical reactionis neglected in this paper. The objective is totrack the interfaces. Of course,the fluids aretreated as compressible medium under such ahigh impact.Although Eulerian schemes workwell for most gas flows,they have been shownto be too dissipative nea…