Loading effects on rat craniomandibular morphology: a system for gravity studies

Gravity effects on muscle and bone are a major impediment to long-term space travel. We introduce a model for studying these effects, the craniomandibular system. Some advantages of this system include: (1) craniomandibular morphology is determined by epigenetic factors including gravity, (2) relatively light forces can significantly alter its morphology, and (3) soft diet and tooth loss produce effects that are similar to those produced in lower limbs by weightlessness. In the study, implants made either of gold (experimental group) or lightweight acrylic (controls) were attached to adult rats' mandibles. After 13 weeks, the animals' skulls and mandibles were dissected. Pair-wise comparisons indicated that the experimental animals showed significantly shortened and narrowed cranial bases, and significant changes in the posterior zygomatic arch region. These results indicate that simulated macrogravity influences bone remodeling in the adult craniomandibular system.     

固体发动机复合材料壳体密封隔热涂层研究和应用

研制了以室温硫化硅橡胶为基料并进行了改性的固体火箭发动机密封用隔热涂层。其性能满足工作压强４０－５０ＭＰａ，燃烧温度３０００－３５００℃，飞行过载６０００ｇ的工作条件下的某发动机要求，已得到成功应用。     

一种新型环氧树脂体系的固化动力学及耐热性研究

通过不同升温速率下DSC研究了E51环氧树脂与DIA芳香胺固化体系的固化工艺、固化交联反应动力学参数及树脂体系的耐热性,利用FTIR方法计算了体系的固化度。通过分析确定了树脂的固化工艺,采用Kissinger、Ozawa法计算出树脂表观活化能,其均值为87.02kJ/mol,结合Crane公式求出反应级数为0.93。采用扭辫法测得玻璃化转变温度Tg=178℃。热失重曲线表明,体系的起始分解温度为364℃。     

螺栓挤压推力终止系统验证试验

本文总结了螺栓挤压推力终止系统(BETTS)的设计、研制和验证试验。该系统在阿诺德工程研制中心(AEDC)进行了多次冷试,一次海平面热试和两次高空点火推力终止试验,试验所用的发动机是政府向化学系统分公司提供的“民兵”发动机空壳体装药后制成的。通过大发动机热试,证明本计划所验证的这种BETTS可以消除前部碎片,大大地简化药柱和发动机壳体的设计,提高末级性能。另外,这种方法设计简单,从而可以降低推进系统的成本。BETTS用爆炸螺栓和挤压螺栓的组合代替连接喷管法兰和发动机壳体法兰的普通螺栓。接到指令后,爆炸螺栓立即打开,喷管循着挤压螺栓向后平移,发动机气体迅速排出,从而使推进剂熄火。挤压螺栓控制着喷管的移动速度和最大运动行程。以前根据NO.F04611—75—C—0044合同(CSD计划2549)曾成功地在缩比发动机上进行了BETTS热试和在飞行重量的“民兵”Ⅲ第三级发动机上进行了冷试。     

HTPB推进剂的老化及使用寿命

为了进行老化评价研究,选择和研制了三种不同固体含量的(88～91%)端羟基聚丁二烯(HTPB)推进剂。已经证实,88%固体含量的HTPB推进剂符合以前提出的老化模型。这种老化模型已成功地进一步用于较高固体含量的推进剂以及其它计划用的HTPB推进剂的实测力学性能老化数据。采用这种老化模型,根据加速热老化试验数据予测了长期力学性能,予测数据与六年实测老化数据相当一致。利用予测的推进剂破坏性能,结合火箭发动机的要求,来确定予先选定安全裕度的发动机药柱的使用寿命。本文列出了各种复合推进剂老化速率的比较数据。根据老化结果的分析,提出了一个宽范围老化行为的数学表达式。     

超声波测温技术进展

超声波测温比传统的测温方法可以达到更快速、更精确、测温范围更宽的要求，以满足工业生产、科学研究中温度精确测量和在线控制的需要，特别是在高温和恶劣的测温环境中。回顾了超声波测温技术近３０年来的发展，着重介绍了超声测温原理和两种主要方法，分析了用于液态金属温度测量的可行性并给出了用超声技术测量液态铝温度的实验装置和初步实验结果。     

SB—3热控涂层电导稳定性能评估

SB—3是一种消光性能好,吸收率和发射率高的黑色热控涂层材料,基底材料是有机化合物。为了增加电导能力和克服表面电荷积累的现象,在涂层中又掺有导电添加剂。对这样一种有应用前途的热控涂层进行比较深入细致的观察研究是十分必要的。通过这方面的评估研究可以指出该涂层的充电性能的变化及规律,也有助于涂层改进并实现在型号上可靠应用的最终目的。     

基于卡尔曼滤波的目标机动判别研究

在对目标方位序列进行卡尔曼滤波的基础上,利用滤波残差的分布特性,对其进行假设检验,可以据此判断方位序列是否发生显著变化,由此判断目标是否机动.为了说明这种方法的有效性,文中给出了一个实例.     

The Suess-Urey mission (return of solar matter to Earth)

The Suess-Urey (S-U) mission has been proposed as a NASA Discovery mission to return samples of matter from the Sun to the Earth for isotopic and chemical analyses in terrestrial laboratories to provide a major improvement in our knowledge of the average chemical and isotopic composition of the solar system. The S-U spacecraft and sample return capsule will be placed in a halo orbit around the L1 Sun-Earth libration point for two years to collect solar wind ions which implant into large passive collectors made of ultra-pure materials. Constant Spacecraft-Sun-Earth geometries enable simple spin stabilized attitude control, simple passive thermal control, and a fixed medium gain antenna. Low data requirements and the safety of a Sun-pointed spinner, result in extremely low mission operations costs.     

The effect of head-down tilt on brain potentials related to visual attention

To study the possible effect of simulated weightlessness on brain function state, the brain event-related potentials (ERPs) in a simple visual selective response task were compared between HDT and HUT in 9 normal subjects. The results were: The Target(T) and non-Target(NT) flash signals both induced significant slow positive potentials which were supposed to related to the attention state; the amplitude of the positive potentials in frontal regions decreased significantly especially for NT-ERPs during HDT comprared with that during HUT. The data reported provide new evidence indicating that more attention should be paid on the brain function study during space flight.