传导、对流和辐射传热对火箭发动机使用寿命的影响

在存放场地,固体发动机会由于各种瞬时热应力而产生累积性损伤。引起这些瞬时热应力的是环境温度、风、太阳辐照等与地理位置有关的所有一切因素的作用。业已表明,与最大损伤发生在大应力值的假设相反,推进剂的粘弹特性使其在低应力值下出现显著的损伤。因此,防护性贮存对发动机的使用寿命并不总是有利的。     

孙有彬逝去风景的记忆和忧思

天高云淡的漫射光线下，美丽的莲花湖呈现出丰富的色彩和细腻的影调。蔚蓝的湖水清波荡漾，浓密的森林郁郁苍苍，浅浅的湖滩上，油绿的草甸与映着天光的湖水颜色一起搅和，而就在如此祥和宁静的画卷中俯瞰草甸，景况丰伟的天地之间，几匹骏马和几个牧马人，却又为画卷平添了若干生动的气息。摄影家孙有彬先生告诉说，为了拍摄这幅图片，他曾在湖边荆棘遍布．怪石林立的山崖上艰难地攀爬了两个小时。     

The Interplanetary Internet: a communications infrastructure for Mars exploration

A strategy is being developed whereby the current set of internationally standardized space data communications protocols can be incrementally evolved so that a first version of an operational "Interplanetary Internet" is feasible by the end of the decade. This paper describes its architectural concepts, discusses the current set of standard space data communications capabilities that exist to support Mars exploration and reviews proposed new developments. We also speculate that these current capabilities can grow to support future scenarios where human intelligence is widely distributed across the Solar System and day-to-day communications dialog between planets is routine.     

俄罗斯S-300P和S-300V地空导弹武器系统

俄罗斯的Ｓ—３００实际上包括两大系列地空导弹武器系统，即Ｓ一３００Ｐ和Ｓ—３００Ｖ。俄军方规定，凡是射程超过１５０公里、射高在２５到３０公里之间的地空导弹武器系统都包括在Ｓ－３００系统中。在俄罗斯的地空导弹武器中，属于Ｓ—３００系列的有Ｓ一３００Ｐ半机动与机动战略防空系统和Ｓ－３００Ｖ机动式战区防空系统。在研制初期，前者以拦截低空喷气式进攻性空袭兵器为主，后者主要拦截战术弹道导弹。但在目前，Ｓ－３００这两大系列地空导弹已发展成为反巡航导弹、反战术弹道导弹、反飞机并举的多用途防空与反导系统。Ｓ—３…     

MX导弹喷管用先进材料评论 Ⅱ 第一级喷管的先进材料

本文是评论MX导弹喷管先进材料的三篇文章中的第二篇。第一篇文章于1977年4月在SAMPE季刊中发表(译文见“固体火箭技术”1978年第二期第99—105页),综述了MX导弹喷管对材料的要求,叙述了石墨材料的结构、性质和性能之间的关系。本文继续对MX的第一级和第二级发动机喷管所用先进材料进一步进行评价。     

中国海洋一号卫星遥感图像GPS地理定位算法研究与实现

介绍了GPS数据在中国海洋一号卫星遥感图像地理定位中的应用,即利用中国海洋一号卫星下行数据中的GPS数据和轨道拟合技术,得到卫星轨道参数,从而对中国海洋一号卫星十波段水色扫描仪获取的遥感图像进行地理定位。该技术突破了遥感图像地理定位必须利用卫星轨道报的传统手段,为配备有GPS的新一代遥感卫星的用户提供一种简便有效、定位精度高的地理定位方法。该方法定位精度优于利用轨道报进行地理定位得到的结果。     

Production of neutrons from interactions of GCR-like particles

In order to help assess the risk to astronauts due to the long-term exposure to the natural radiation environment in space, an understanding of how the primary radiation field is changed when passing through shielding and tissue materials must be obtained. One important aspect of the change in the primary radiation field after passing through shielding materials is the production of secondary particles from the breakup of the primary. Neutrons are an important component of the secondary particle field due to their relatively high biological weighting factors, and due to their relative abundance, especially behind thick shielding scenarios. Because of the complexity of the problem, the estimation of the risk from exposure to the secondary neutron field must be handled using calculational techniques. However, those calculations will need an extensive set of neutron cross section and thicktarget neutron yield data in order to make an accurate assessment of the risk. In this paper we briefly survey the existing neutron-production data sets that are applicable to the space radiation transport problem, and we point out how neutron production from protons is different than neutron production from heavy ions. We also make comparisons of one the heavy-ion data sets with Boltzmann-Uehling-Uhlenbeck (BUU) calculations.     

ESA's Biopan 1--"Vitamin" experiment preliminary results

The purpose of “Vitamin” experiment is to study the efficiency of protective substances on three biological acellular systems aqueous solutions exposed to cosmic radiation in space. The first system “LDL”is a low density lipoprotein. The second is “E2-TeBG complexe” in which estradiol (E2) is bound to its plasmatic carrier protein, testosterone-estradiol binding globulin (TeBG). The third is “pBR 322”, a plasmid. “Vitamin” experiment was accomodated in the Biopan which had been mounted on the outer surface of a Foton retrievable satellite. The experiment was exposed to space environment during 15 days. A stable temperature of about 20 °C was maintained throughout the flight. “Vitamin” experiment preliminary results are presented and discussed.     

MX第一级

1980年在 Montery 召开的 JANNAF 会议上,介绍了 MX 第一级原始方案论证及制订的研制方案。这篇新资料评论了最初的两次静态试验所取得的结果。     

靶场外测数据野值点的统计诊断技术

本文修正了野值点的数学描述性定义，建立了野值的分类模型，创立了多个野值点及野值斑点的“稳健－似然比”检验技术，并进行了仿真计算。