带加速度修正的极坐标系α-β滤波器

有时使用极坐标系对跟踪计算很有利。但因匀速目标的位置量不再象直角坐标系中一样是时间的线性函数而带来了复杂。然而这可以通过使用在预报方程中加伪加速度修正因子来近似修正系统动态的方法而解决,代价是增加了系统的噪声。对于α-β滤波器,加入这些修正因子,滤波器的稳态误差性能降低极小,同时又可大大减小偏倚误差。     

用于冷、热杂波综合抑制的最佳降秩三维空时自适应处理

本文提出了一种新的信号处理策略，它采用最佳的与信号有关的降秩来解决三维STAP（空时自适应处理）冷、热杂波抑制问题。虽然只采用空间（角度）PRI时间（多普勒）自由度，常规的二维STAP也能抑制单站（“冷”）杂波和直接路径干扰，然而，要抑制由干扰源地形散射干扰造成的所谓“热”杂波，还需要附加“快时间”自由度（在接收机带宽的倒数量级上）。引入了三维旁瓣对消器（Wiener滤波器）的多级分解，以评估降秩的理论性能限，并验证采用这种方法获得紧密干扰压缩的可能性比主分量方法获得的可能性最大。采用基于DTED测量的高保真模拟数据集合说明了3D STAP的多级Wiener滤波方法的功效。     

孔、轮廓和表面(十一)

第七章座标镗床的运行操作(二) 尺寸测量——工件对机床运动方向的方位一经找正,下一步则要求建立工件相对于机床测量系统及主轴轴线的尺寸关系。调整刻度盘或者工作台时,应该总是沿着刻度盘上箭头所示方向运动,以免产生间隙。如需再次回到调整位置,必须首先退离该处千分之几英寸(约百分之几毫米),然后再按照     

航天飞机时频传递实验

一、引言 1.背景美国航空航天局(NASA)的空间和地面应用处正在考虑一项航天飞机实验,用来验证几种比对全球高精密时钟和原始频标的技术。该实验准备在航天飞机上装一台氢脉泽时钟,利用微波和激光脉冲信号比对航天飞机上的空间时钟与地面站上的时钟。提出该项实验的目的是验证几种时间传递技术,这些技术能以1毫微秒以上的精度比对时钟时间,以10~(-14)以上的精度比对时钟频率。能以10~(-14)的精度比对频率这种能力是本项实验的独到之处。目     

玻璃碳断裂性能的一些研究

本文简要介绍用“声共振法”测材料的杨氏模量,用“控制裂纹法”测材料的断裂韧性以及材料的极限应变能释放率的计算。对三种玻璃碳的室温-1023°K的杨氏模量和断裂韧性进行了测定,用电子扫描显微镜对玻璃碳的断裂、氧化和加工表面进行研究观察,分析了玻璃碳的极限应变能释放率并与多晶石墨及碳-碳复合材料进行比较。     

电子束淬火（续二）

这是本课题三篇系列论文的最后一篇,概述了电子束淬火的效能和优点。对电子束淬火在工程技术领域内的实际应用,也作了详尽的阐述。 本文的前两部分分别刊登于本刊91年第2期和第3期。     

MArs Neutron Energy Spectrometer (MANES): an instrument for the Mars 2003 Lander

We describe the instrument design and detector development for MANES which has been selected to fly on the Mars 2003 Lander. Section 1 explains the need for the spectrometer in determining the increased risk of carcinogenesis for astronauts. Section 2 presents the instrument design including an outline drawing, a cross-sectional view and a detailed block diagram. Sections 3 and 4 describe the low and high energy detector components of the spectrometer and present responses to monoenergetic neutron beams. Sections 5 and 6 explain the design approaches to charged particle discrimination and instrument transfer function modeling.     

与固体发动机性能予测有关的氧化铝粒子的尺寸

本文提出了一种予测三氧化铝粒子尺寸的新方法,用在空军的改进固体性能程序(SPP)中,将粒子在火箭喷管中生成和破裂的各种理论模型和已有的粒子尺寸的数据作了比较。发现没有一个理论模型对建立粒子尺寸与推进剂组分和发动机参数的关系是合适的。因此,采用线性和非线性最小二乘法的经验方法。试图建立各种参数、分类以及各种理论模型提出的函数形式之间的关系。最后把只有三个自由参数的比较简单的模型推荐用于 SPP。     

Chaotic exchange of solid material between planetary systems: implications for lithopanspermia

Abstract We examined a low-energy mechanism for the transfer of meteoroids between two planetary systems embedded in a star cluster using quasi-parabolic orbits of minimal energy. Using Monte Carlo simulations, we found that the exchange of meteoroids could have been significantly more efficient than previously estimated. Our study is relevant to astrobiology, as it addresses whether life on Earth could have been transferred to other planetary systems in the Solar System's birth cluster and whether life on Earth could have been transferred from beyond the Solar System. In the Solar System, the timescale over which solid material was delivered to the region from where it could be transferred via this mechanism likely extended to several hundred million years (as indicated by the 3.8-4.0?Ga epoch of the Late Heavy Bombardment). This timescale could have overlapped with the lifetime of the Solar birth cluster (～100-500?Myr). Therefore, we conclude that lithopanspermia is an open possibility if life had an early start. Adopting parameters from the minimum mass solar nebula, considering a range of planetesimal size distributions derived from observations of asteroids and Kuiper Belt objects and theoretical coagulation models, and taking into account Oort Cloud formation models, we discerned that the expected number of bodies with mass>10?kg that could have been transferred between the Sun and its nearest cluster neighbor could be of the order of 10(14) to 3·10(16), with transfer timescales of tens of millions of years. We estimate that of the order of 3·10(8)·l (km) could potentially be life-bearing, where l is the depth of Earth's crust in kilometers that was ejected as the result of the early bombardment. Key Words: Extrasolar planets-Interplanetary dust-Interstellar meteorites-Lithopanspermia. Astrobiology 12, 754-774.     

Survival of rock-colonizing organisms after 1.5 years in outer space

Cryptoendolithic microbial communities and epilithic lichens have been considered as appropriate candidates for the scenario of lithopanspermia, which proposes a natural interplanetary exchange of organisms by means of rocks that have been impact ejected from their planet of origin. So far, the hardiness of these terrestrial organisms in the severe and hostile conditions of space has not been tested over extended periods of time. A first long-term (1.5 years) exposure experiment in space was performed with a variety of rock-colonizing eukaryotic organisms at the International Space Station on board the European EXPOSE-E facility. Organisms were selected that are especially adapted to cope with the environmental extremes of their natural habitats. It was found that some-but not all-of those most robust microbial communities from extremely hostile regions on Earth are also partially resistant to the even more hostile environment of outer space, including high vacuum, temperature fluctuation, the full spectrum of extraterrestrial solar electromagnetic radiation, and cosmic ionizing radiation. Although the reported experimental period of 1.5 years in space is not comparable with the time spans of thousands or millions of years believed to be required for lithopanspermia, our data provide first evidence of the differential hardiness of cryptoendolithic communities in space.