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871.
A. B. Agul’nik I. V. Kravchenko A. A. Gorbunov A. A. Novoselova A. P. Sklyarova 《Russian Aeronautics (Iz VUZ)》2018,61(3):441-444
This paper considers double bypass aircraft engine with controlled air bleed to the second bypass duct. Its performance is evaluated by mathematical modeling techniques. The second bypass air bleed amount is determined to provide the best engine efficiency at various operating modes. 相似文献
872.
During the EXOSAT observation of 2S1636-536 in July 1983 the quiescent flux was observed to brighten from 1.7×10
-9
ergs/cm.
2
/sec to 2.6×10-9
ergs/cm.
2
/sec, this increase being accompanied by a decrease in effective temperature. Further analysis of the spectrum reveals that the best fit is a power law with an index which increases from -1.75 to-2.1 while the source brightens; there is some evidence for an upper cut off. This spectrum is interpreted as the result of soft photons from the neutron star surface which are Comptonised in a hot plasma cloud surrounding the neutron star (neutron star corona). The increasing spectral index is seen as the result of Compton cooling of the corona as the output of quiescent flux rises in response to an increasing accretion rate. 相似文献
873.
S.J. Bauer L.M. Brace H.A. Taylor T.K. Breus A.J. Kliore W.C. Knudsen A.F. Nagy C.T. Russell N.A. Savich 《Advances in Space Research (includes Cospar's Information Bulletin, Space Research Today)》1985,5(11):233-267
Physical properties of the Venus ionosphere obtained by experiments on the US Pioneer Venus and the Soviet Venera missions are presented in the form of models suitable for inclusion in the Venus International Reference Atmosphere. The models comprise electron density (from 120 km), electron and ion temperatures, and relative ion abundance in the altitude range from 150 km to 1000 km for solar zenith angles from 0° to 180°. In addition, information on ion transport velocities, ionopause altitudes, and magnetic field characteristics of the Venus ionosphere, are presented in tabular or graphical form. Also discussed is the solar control of the physical properties of the Venus ionosphere. 相似文献
874.
U. von Zahn V.I. Moroz 《Advances in Space Research (includes Cospar's Information Bulletin, Space Research Today)》1985,5(11):173-195
Our current knowledge on the composition of the Venus atmosphere in the altitude range from the surface to 100 km is compiled. Gases that have been measured, and whose mixing ratios are assumed to be constant with altitude, are CO2, N2, He, Ne, Ar, and Kr. Gases that have been identified in the lower and/or middle atmosphere, but whose mixing ratios may depend on altitude, latitude and/or local time, are CO, H2O, HCl, HF, and SO2. Conflicting data or only upper limits exist on some important trace gases, such as O2, H2, and Cl2. The latter two are key constituents in the photochemistry of the middle atmosphere of Venus. The chapter concludes with a listing of the isotopic abundances of elements measured in the Venus atmosphere. 相似文献
875.
A strapdown mechanization and associated Kalman filter are developed to provide both ground align and airstart capabilities for inertial navigation systems (INSs) using Doppler velocity and position fixes, while not requiring an initial heading estimate. Position update during coarse mode is possible by defining sine and cosine of wander angle as filter states and modeling the position error in geographic frame while integrating velocity in the wander frame. INS Global Positioning System (GPS) differential position due to GPS antenna moment arm can aid heading convergence during hover turns in helicopter applications. Azimuth error state in the fine mode of the filter is defined as wander angle error to provide continuous estimation of navigational states, as well as inertial/aiding sensor errors, across the coarse-to-fine mode transition. Though motivated by a tactical helicopter application, the design can be applied to other vehicles. Advantages over conventional systems in addition to the airstart capability include robustness and versatility in handling many different operational conditions 相似文献
876.
L S Myers A J Carmichael T C Pellmar 《Advances in Space Research (includes Cospar's Information Bulletin, Space Research Today)》1994,14(10):453-456
The in vitro hippocampal brain slice is a 0.4 mm thick neural network that can be used to study brain responses to radiation and related injuries. This preparation is unique in that it responds to ionizing radiation within minutes after exposure without complications from changes in vascularity, blood flow, blood pressure, etc. Electrophysiological studies have shown that x- and gamma-rays alter synaptic transmission and spike generation, elements of normal brain activity. To evaluate the role of hydroxyl free radicals (OH) in these changes, slices were exposed to dilute H2O2 solutions. EPR spin trapping experiments verified that OH is produced. Neural responses, while similar, were not identical to those due to radiation, possibly because of a different distribution of OH. Although H2O2 is freely diffusible, it produces OH at specific sites where, e.g. iron reduces it. In contrast, x- and gamma-rays produce OH more uniformly throughout the tissue. H2O2 may provide a better model for high-LET radiation where yields of radical products of water radiolysis are decreased and peroxide reactions predominate. 相似文献
877.
I V Gribovskaya I A Gladchenko G K Zinenko 《Advances in Space Research (includes Cospar's Information Bulletin, Space Research Today)》1996,18(4-5):93-97
Two methods of extracting mineral elements from otherwise deadlock products of a life-support system are presented. We describe first optimum conditions for recovering elements by water extraction from dry wastes of plants, biomass ash, and solid human wastes after passing them through the catalytic furnace; and, second, we describe acid extracts of biogenous elements by 1N and 2N HNO3 from these products. Ways to use the extracts of elements in plant nutrition are considered in order to increase the extent to which the mineral loop of a life-support system can be closed. 相似文献
878.
The technological advances of the Space Age have enabled us to project our senses through complex instruments to the edge of the Solar System and beyond. The link back to Earth by the communication channel has provided us with a wealth of information. The vast improvement in communication capability, by a factor of 1018, from the launching of the first earth satellites to the capacity of the Voyager telecommunications link across the Solar System, is symbolic of both our technical prowess and our cultural development. The combination of data rate and extreme distance at the Voyager 2 encounters with Uranus and Neptune in 1986 and 1989 will require the ground network to perform an engineering feat of unequalled magnitude. This paper describes the engineering challenge of communicating with spacecraft at the limits of the Solar System and the engineering responses to that challenge. 相似文献
879.
A Tani Y Nishiura M Kiyota H Murase N Honami I Aiga 《Advances in Space Research (includes Cospar's Information Bulletin, Space Research Today)》1996,18(4-5):251-254
It is possible to cultivate plants under an artificial gravity field generated by a centrifugal device in space. In order to determine an optimal magnitude of gravity, there is a need to investigate the relationship between plant and growth and gravity, including not only reduced gravity but also gravity greater than 1G. A prototype centrifugal phytotron was designed and fabricated in order to investigate the relationship between plant growth and increased gravity. This device enables us to cultivate plants over the long term by controlling environmental conditions in the phytotron such as temperature, relative humidity, CO2 concentration and light intensity. The results of our experiment indicate that plant seeds can germinate and grow even under an artificial gravity which changes sinusoidally from 2G to 4G. 相似文献
880.
P M Sterns L I Tennen 《Advances in Space Research (includes Cospar's Information Bulletin, Space Research Today)》1995,15(3):281-284
The planning and execution of manned and robotic missions to Mars present a wide range of jurisprudential issues. Provisions to prevent the disruption of natural celestial environments, as well as damage to the environment of Earth by the return of extraterrestrial materials, are important components of the law applicable to mankind's activities in outer space, and have been supplemented by scientifically instituted planetary protection policies. However, divergent legal regimes may exist, as the space treaties in force are neither uniform in their provisions, nor identical as to the states which have signed, ratified, or adopted the international agreements. The legal requirements applicable to a specific mission will vary depending on the entities conducting the program and specific mission profile. This article analyzes the divergent international legal regimes together with the factors which will influence the determination of the standards of conduct which will govern manned and robotic missions to Mars. 相似文献