从计划到规划：宏观经济管理手段的逻辑建构

通过对计划和规划概念上的比较分析,对市场经济条件下规划存在的必要性进行了探讨,并给予了肯定回答.在市场经济条件下规划具有经济宪章、促进经济社会协调发展、遏制政府失灵、构建经济伦理四个方面的作用,从而为规划作为宏观管理的重要手段建立了一个有解释力的逻辑框架.     

读书的经济学分析与对策

文章分析了当前读书无用论的成因,包括学费过高、就业形势不好、工作待遇不高等现象,指出教学实用性不强是形成这一现象的原因,并且提出了一些解决措施,如加大科研投入和提高对研究开发的重视程度,让知识分子有用武之地,提高教学质量,加大教育投入,通过社会保障来调节工作待遇.     

Minimum sliding mode error feedback control for fault tolerant small satellite attitude control

This paper proposes a new control strategy (which we call “minimum sliding mode error feedback control, MSMEFC”) for small satellite attitude control. As we know, the attitude control algorithm plays a significant role in the whole performance of the satellite, especially under the existence of uncertain disturbances from the space. Without loss of generality, the MSMEFC is presented based on the sliding mode theory. It is assumed that the equivalent control error is defined to offset the uncertain disturbances to improve the control performance. Hence, in order to estimate the optimal equivalent control error, a cost function is derived on the basis of the principle of minimum sliding mode error. Then, the equivalent control error wills feedback to the conventional sliding mode control to obtain the final MSMEFC. According to the theoretical analyzes, the sliding mode after the MSMEFC will approximate to the ideal sliding mode, resulting in enhancing the control performance. Moreover, an adaptive non-singular terminal sliding mode is employed to compare with the performance of MSMEFC. Several simulations are performed to verify the effectiveness of proposed MSMEFC in the presence of serious perturbations, even in some fault-tolerant scenarios.     

Lunar geophysical parameters inversion based on gravity/topography admittance and particle swarm optimization

This paper presents a FORTRAN computer program. The program as code will be used for lunar parameter inversions based on gravity/topography admittance. This will be done by assuming that the lunar lithosphere is modeled as a thin elastic spherical shell. The parameters discussed here include; load ratio, crustal thickness, subsurface load depth, crustal density and elastic lithosphere thickness. The admittance of the best-fitting model can be found through automatically adjusting misfits between one theoretical admittance and an observed one. The results in this paper indicate that this research’s theoretical model is reasonable for exploring the best-fitting parameters. In addition, this code is not only able to automatically and simultaneously calculate the global optimum solution of the parameters studied, but also performs well in computational speed. The code can be easily modified to include more parameter inversions; such as the inversion for subsurface density anomaly and the case of considering infilling material in some lunar mare basins.     

整体构件周向叶片电解加工流场设计及实验

针对整体构件周向叶片的特点与加工难点,设计了带有内置绝缘腔的电解套型加工工具阴极,建立了两种进液方式的流场三维模型,采用有限元法对两种进液方式的流场进行仿真计算。计算结果表明由绝缘腔的叶盆叶背两侧进液并对出液口进行优化的流场方式较好,电解液流速较高且流场较均匀。使用根据有限元仿真结果设计的阴极开展实验,结果表明实验与流场仿真结果相符,采用优化流场模型的加工过程流场稳定,加工效率较高。     

Leading-edge flow separation control over an airfoil using a symmetrical dielectric barrier discharge plasma actuator

In order to promote an in-depth understanding of the mechanism of leading-edge flow separation control over an airfoil using a symmetrical Dielectric Barrier Discharge(DBD) plasma actuator excited by a steady-mode excitation, an experimental investigation of an SC(2)-0714 supercritical airfoil with a symmetrical DBD plasma actuator was performed in a closed chamber and a low-speed wind tunnel. The plasma actuator was mounted at the leading edge of the airfoil.Time-resolved Particle Image Velocimetry(PIV) results of the near-wall region in quiescent air suggested that the symmetrical DBD plasma actuator could induce some coherent structures in the separated shear layer, and these structures were linked to a dominant frequency of f0= 39 Hz when the peak-to-peak voltage of the plasma actuator was 9.8 kV. In addition, an analysis of flow structures without and with plasma actuation around the upper side of the airfoil at an angle of attack of18° for a wind speed of 3 m/s(Reynolds number Re = 20000) indicated that the dynamic process of leading-edge flow separation control over an airfoil could be divided into three stages. Initially, this plasma actuator could reinforce the shedding vortices in the separated shear layer. Then, these vortical structures could deflect the separated flow towards the wall by promoting the mixing between the outside flow with a high kinetic energy and the flow near the surface. After that, the plasma actuator induced a series of rolling vortices in the vicinity of the suction side of the airfoil, and these vortical structures could transfer momentum from the leading edge of the airfoil to the separated region, resulting in a reattachment of the separated flow around the airfoil.     

放宽静稳定度飞机时间延迟稳定边界

针对飞机初步设计阶段其放宽静稳定度（RSS）与电传飞控系统时间延迟边界之间的定量关系求解问题，以战斗机纵向短周期方程为基础，分析了飞控系统中的时间延迟因素，描述了放宽静稳定度与方程参数间的关系。并以等效输入延迟的形式构建了含飞控系统时间延迟的闭环系统特征方程，通过根轨迹趋势理论和数值计算方法确定了放宽静稳定度与飞控系统时间延迟边界的定量数值关系，同时探讨了舵效与动导的参数不确定性对所求时间延迟边界的影响。本文方法对飞机初步设计阶段飞控系统时间延迟指标和可放宽静稳定度边界的确定具有一定的工程实践意义。     

Accuracy analysis of GNSS-IR snow depth inversion algorithms

In recent years, with the continuous development of Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS), it has been applied not only to navigation and positioning, but also to Earth surface environment monitoring. At present, when performing GNSS-IR (GNSS Interferometric Reflectometry) snow depth inversion, Lomb-Scargle Periodogram (LSP) spectrum analysis is mainly used to calculate the vertical height from the antenna phase center to the reflection surface. However, it has the problem of low identification of power spectrum analysis, which may lead to frequency leakage. Therefore, Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) spectrum analysis and Nonlinear Least Square Fitting (NLSF) are introduced to calculate the vertical height in this paper. The GNSS-IR snow depth inversion experiment is carried out by using the observation data of P351 station in PBO (Plate Boundary Observatory) network of the United States from 2013 to 2016. Three algorithms are used to invert the snow depth and compared with the actual snow depth provided by the station 490 in the SNOTEL network. The observations data of L1 and L2 bands are respectively used to find the optimal combination between different algorithms further to improve the accuracy of GNSS-IR snow depth inversion. For L1 band, different snow depths correspond to different optimal algorithms. When the snow depth is less than 0.8 m, the inversion accuracy of NLSF algorithm is the highest. When the snow depth is greater than 0.8 m, the inversion accuracy of FFT algorithm is higher. Therefore, according to the different snow depth, a combined algorithm of NLSF + FFT is proposed for GNSS-IR snow depth inversion. Compared with the traditional LSP algorithm, the inversion accuracy of the combined algorithm is improved by 10%. For L2 band data, the results show that the accuracy of snow depth inversion of various algorithms do not change with the variations of snow depth. Among the three single algorithms, the inversion accuracy of FFT algorithm is better than that of LSP and NLSF algorithms.     

基于学习的中段反导拦截时间和拦截点预测方法

弹道导弹实时、准确地预测拦截弹的拦截点与拦截时间，是实现中段突防的有效手段。针对弹道导弹中段突防中的拦截点坐标及拦截时间的预测问题，提出了一种基于监督学习的在线预测方法。以拦截弹的主动段关机参数和关机时刻为输入量，建立拦截时间和拦截点预测模型。在多层感知机神经网络的基础上构建有监督学习算法，通过攻防仿真获取拦截弹的参数制作训练数据集，在线下完成网络训练。仿真结果表明:神经网络能够有效在线预测拦截时间和拦截点坐标，预测结果的相对误差分别为0.124 3%和0.128 5%，拦截时间预测结果误差的平均值为0.224 0 s，拦截点预测结果距离误差平均值为2 016.48 m，均满足精度要求。