镜反射凹面及相互可视表面的轨道外热流计算

通过对空间表面所受外热流以及镜反射表面所具有的特性的分析，提出了采用蒙特卡罗法计算镜反射凹面及镜反射相互可视表面的轨道热流的方法，并对半球凹面和两相互垂直可视平板的轨道热流进行了计算。     

我校大学生家庭经济状况及消费状况调查报告

为了解当前大学生家庭经济状况和消费状况 ,为学校制定助学办法提供科学依据、引导大学生树立正确合理的健康消费观念 ,近期我们以问卷调查的方式对我校大学生进行了家庭经济状况及消费状况方面的调查。调查表明 ,我校大学生贫困比例达到 30 %左右 ,大学生消费观念总体上是健康合理的 ,但同时也存在着一些不健康的消费观念。     

The activities of ocean colour remote sensing in China

This article reviews the development of ocean colour remote sensing over the past decade in China. China launched its first remote sensing satellite FY-1A on 7 September 1988 and its second, FY-1B on 3 September 1990. Both of them had a Very High Resolution Scanning Radiometer (VHRSR) which involved two channels (0.48–0.53 and 0.53–0.58 u) for measuring ocean colour. A new polar orbiting satellite FY-1-02 was scheduled to be in orbit by 1998 with an improved VHRSR which has more (10) channels and is more sensitive for ocean colour remote sensing. The special programme of the ocean colour satellite HY-1 has been approved by the Chinese government, as has the planning of another new generation polar orbiting remote sensing satellite, FY-3. A type of sensor has been developed known as the Chinese Moderate Imaging spectroradiometer (CMODIS). Following its review, the article will describe the future activities of ocean colour remote sensing in China and explain their scientific goal.     

大容量信息实时传输技术研究

在信道带宽受限的条件下,实现大容量信息的实时传输是面向空间应用的遥科学技术要解决的核心问题之一。提出了将双总线寻址与双Ｂｕｆｆｅｒ相结合的技术结构,从而实现了在规定的传输协议、规定的信息道链路带宽的约束条件下,视频图像的实时无缝传输与主动遥操作。通过一些关键性技术难点的突破,达到了在２Ｍｂｉｔ／ｓ码速率下按ＣＣＳＤＳ（空间数据系统协调委员会）的位流协议在地基上实时复现出高质量的视频图像序列。     

渐变体微波散射截面的计算

对具有二维周期性结构特点的大尺寸金属渐变体,首先采用矩量法计算渐变体单元的散射场,然后利用天线阵列技术求解整个渐变体的雷达散射截面RCS (Radar Cross Section),既保证一定的计算精度,又解决计算量大以及单元间耦合的难题.推导了相关的数学公式,在线极化平面波入射情况下,分别给出了单个和多个金属渐变角锥电磁散射截面的计算例子,计算结果与商用软件HFSS (High Frequency Structure Simulator)计算得到的结果相吻合,计算用时大大少于HFSS的计算时间,表明介绍的方法在工程运用上是可行的.      

基于螺纹综合扫描仪的螺纹参数测量方法研究

航空用螺纹的质量和性能直接影响飞机的安全,因此螺纹参数的精确测量至关重要。通过比较几种传统螺纹测量方式的优缺点,确定一种最佳的测量方法——螺纹综合扫描仪测量法。该方法测量精度可靠,参数齐全且效率高。此外,介绍了螺纹综合扫描仪的测量原理,并对其进行了误差分析。利用几种不同的测量方法对同一螺纹进行测量结果的比对,同时做了仪器的重复性和稳定性试验,验证了该测量方法的可靠性。     

Comprehensive outage compensation of real-time orbit and clock corrections with broadcast ephemeris for ambiguity-fixed precise point positioning

The main challenge in real-time precise point positioning (PPP) is that the data outages or large time lags in receiving precise orbit and clock corrections greatly degrade the continuity and real-time performance of PPP positioning. To solve this problem, instead of directly predicting orbit and clock corrections in previous researches, this paper presents an alternative approach of generating combined corrections including orbit error, satellite clock and receiver-related error with broadcast ephemeris. Using ambiguities and satellite fractional-cycle biases (FCBs) of previous epoch and the short-term predicted tropospheric delay through linear extrapolation model (LEM), combined corrections at current epoch are retrieved and weighted with multiple reference stations, and further broadcast to user for continuous enhanced positioning during outages of orbit and clock corrections. To validate the proposed method, two reference station network with different inter-station distance from National Geodetic Survey (NGS) network are used for experiments with six different time lags (i.e., 5 s, 10 s, 15 s, 30 s, 45 s and 60 s), and one set of data collected by unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) is also used. The performance of LEM is investigated, and the troposphere prediction accuracy of low elevation (e.g., 10–20degrees) satellites has been improved by 44.1% to 79.0%. The average accuracy of combined corrections before and after LEM is used is improved by 12.5% to 77.3%. Without LEM, an accuracy of 2–3 cm can be maintained only in case of small time lags, while the accuracies with LEM are all better than 2 cm in case of different time lags. The performance of simulated kinematic PPP at user end is assessed in terms of positioning accuracy and epoch fix rate. In case of different time lags, after LEM is used, the average accuracy in horizontal direction is better than 3 cm, and the accuracy in up direction is better than 5 cm. At the same time, the epoch fix rate has also increased to varying degrees. The results of the UAV data show that in real kinematic environment, the proposed method can still maintain a positioning accuracy of several centimeters in case of 20 s time lag.     

高可扩展格子Boltzmann方法

格子Boltzmann方法(Lattice Boltzmann Method,LBM)是计算流体力学中的一种常用方法.由于LBM中的格点仅与相邻的格点间存在数据传递,因此具有良好的并行性.LBM并行算法中的数值通信部分通常采用的是格点上的微观量——分布函数.每次传递的分布函数具有多个不同的速度方向,为了进一步减少LBM并行算法的通信开销,从格子 Boltzmann方法的物理特性以及相应的串行程序为切入点,深层次地挖掘可并行的因子,设计了专门用于通信面的类,使用数量较少的宏观量进行通信,降低了通信所占的比重,缩短了通信时间,提高了加速比和效率.实验表明,在4 096个计算核上依然有良好的加速比和效率.     

Study of seasonal and long-term vertical deformation in Nepal based on GPS and GRACE observations

Lithospheric deformation signal can be detected by combining data from continuous global positioning system (CGPS) and satellite observations from the Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE). In this paper, we use 2.5- to 19-year-long time series from 35 CGPS stations to estimate vertical deformation rates in Nepal, which is located in the southern side of the Himalaya. GPS results were compared with GRACE observations. Principal component analysis was conducted to decompose the time series into three-dimensional principal components (PCs) and spatial eigenvectors. The top three high-order PCs were calculated to correct common mode errors. Both GPS and GRACE observations showed significant seasonal variations. The observed seasonal GPS vertical variations are in good agreement with those from the GRACE-derived results, particularly for changes in surface pressure, non-tidal oceanic mass loading, and hydrologic loading. The GPS-observed rates of vertical deformation obtained for the region suggest both tectonic impact and mass decrease. The rates of vertical crustal deformation were estimated by removing the GRACE-derived hydrological vertical rates from the GPS measurements. Most of the sites located in the southern part of the Main Himalayan Thrust subsided, whereas the northern part mostly showed an uplift. These results may contribute to the understanding of secular vertical crustal deformation in Nepal.