Development of plant protoplasts during the IML-1 mission.

During the 8 day IML-1 mission, regeneration of cell walls and cell divisions in rapeseed protoplasts were studied using the Biorack microscope onboard the Space Shuttle "Discovery". Samples from microgravity and 1g protoplast cultures were loaded on microscope slides. Visual microscopic observations were reported by the payload specialist Roberta Bondar, by down-link video transmission and by use of a microscope camera. Protoplasts grown under microgravity conditions do regenerate cell walls but to a lesser extent than under 1g. Cell divisions are delayed under microgravity. Few cell aggregates with maximum 4-6 cells per aggregate are formed under microgravity conditions, indicating that microgravity may have a profound influence on plant cell differentiation.     

Nonlinear problems of physics of the geomagnetic pulsations

The current state of research involving manifestations of nonlinearity in geomagnetic pulsations is reviewed. Traditionally, the attention of researchers was focused on the effects of resonant interaction of geomagnetic pulsations with small groups of energetic particles, which actually means the study of the quasi-linear relaxation of radiation belt ions, the modulation of auroral electron fluxes, etc. The present review concentrates on the problem of the nonlinear effect influence of pulsations on the backgroud (cold) plasma and on the geomagnetic field. This kind of interaction results in a significant modification of the plasma distribution in the magnetosphere. Self-consistent wave structures—solitons and vortices may occur as well. Such nonlinear effects contribute to physics of geomagnetic pulsations and are also of fundamental importance for general physics. Another set of more narrow problems considered in the review, is related to phenomenological modeling of fluctuational and critical phenomena in the magnetosphere. The essence of our approach is to present the magnetosphere as a black box, whose properties should be determined by the statistical characteristics of its output signals. This approach to phenomenology can be a useful supplement to the methods of microscopic modeling aimed at detecting nonlinear manifestations of geomagnetic pulsations.     

The complex Hα profile of the hypergiant HR 8752 during 1970–1992

The profiles of H observed during the 1970–1992 period in the binary hypergiant HR 8752 (G0 Ia) are presented. We distinguish five typical H profiles designated as A, B, C, D and E types according to the number of emission and absorption features. The profiles of H are complex and contain several emission and absorption components, with: –130 km/s in emission or absorption, –84 km/s in absorption, –49 km/s in emission and about +6 km/s in emission. All of them are rather stable in radial velocities except of the main absorption component in the P Cygni profile with –84 km/s. The frequency of appearance and the periods of duration of the occurrence of the components is discussed. The duration times range between about 3 to 10 months for various components. The red emission component E₂ is particularly interesting. Possible explanations of its origin are discussed.A long-term acceleration of the absorption component in the P Cygni profile is found; it can be interpreted as monotonous acceleration of the stellar wind.     

基于特征的锻件分类及特征有限元法

综合分析锻件后引入特征技术并归纳锻件的形状及变形特点 ,提出了锻件特征概念并给出锻件形状特征的一般定义和构成 ;采用面向对象技术表示特征 ,提出了锻件特征类的概念模式和具体的参数化数据模型 ;针对有限元分析中复杂多变的约束条件和载荷状况两个关键性因素的表达 ,提出特征类的关联思想。在基于特征的锻件分类基础上 ,把锻件变形归纳为“挤”或“压”两种特征元 ,提出了采用基于特征的有限元法 ,并综合自适应FEM、并行FEM、智能型FEM共同求解大型复杂锻件的变形模拟问题。     

一种用计量光栅实现 2nm测量分辨率的新方法

提出一种利用正切函数在零点附近的小范围内线性度非常好的特点,对计量光栅技术中计算机正切细分法进行扩展,在信号处理电路中设计出一个量程比较小的精测档,以获得更高的纳米级的测量分辨率的新方法,并进行了详细充分的实验验证.     

反馈线性化及其在飞控系统中的应用

反馈线性化方法是一种有效的解决非线性系统控制的方法。而未来新一代战机控制系统需要适应超机动作战的非线性控制，非线性控制系统是必然要采用的。文中先简要介绍了反馈线性化理论，然后介绍了反馈线性化方法在飞控系统中的具体应用，最后以某型号先进战斗机为仿真算例进行了仿真，仿真结果表明，基于反馈线性化方法设计的飞控系统是可行的、有效的。     

强制偏流喷管的数值仿真

采用薄层Ｎ－Ｓ方程成功地求解了强制流喷管内的三维复杂流场，对通量项和压力项用Ｖａｎ Ｌｅｅｒ发展的矢通量分裂法进行了离散，对离散方程采用线超松弛方法迭代求解，在亚音速与超音速气流共同存在的出口边界分情况进行了处理。计算结果验证了强制偏喷管具有自动补偿外界压力变化的能力，与实验结果基本吻合。     

贵金属合金中常见元素的简易分析方法

给出了贵金属合金中常见元素Au、Ag、 Pd、Ir、Fe的7个分析方法.这些方法简便易行,不用高精尖仪器设备,不需稀有或贵重试剂,也不必反复分离,一般分析实验室均可实施且能获得正确结果.     

如何考虑工程模拟器的逼真度和有效性

工程模拟器的模拟逼其变和有效性是工程模拟界普遍关心的一个非常重要的问题.本文根据SB—100飞行模拟器系统综合、试验和验收过程中的一些做法及模拟试验结果和试飞结果的对比讨论了模拟的逼真度和有效性问题.     

双温度试验系统方案设计

结合双温度试验系统方案设计,介绍了可编程控制器在温度控制上的应用,有助于增进读者对PLC等的了解。