Variability and climatology of precipitable water vapor from 12-year GPS observations in Taiwan

Because of global warming, global sea levels have risen, the frequency of drought in Taiwan is much more frequent in winter and spring, and rainfall tends to concentrate in summer. The probability of disaster-type weather has also increased significantly. Estimating precipitable water vapor (PWV) through GPS signals, related studies and analyses of weather conditions, and the effective use of meteorological forecasts have been valued by many meteorological research organizations and officials. In this study, PWV data from 2006 to 2017 and rainfall data were used for long-term harmonic analysis. PWV data calculated by ECMWF (ECMWF-PWV) and PWV data calculated by GPS (GPS-PWV) were subjected to regression analysis to verify the reliability of the GPS-PWV data. The research results show that GPS-PWV and ECMWF-PWV have extremely high correlations; however, the climatic characteristics of some regions and the high spatial resolution of GPS-PWV are able to accurately calculate the high topographic relief of small areas. It is judged that the GPS-PWV is more accurate than the ECMWF-PWV. It is worth noting that the PWV trend of the regions during the 6-year-before period has not changed very much, but the rainfall trend has changed obviously. Except for the eastern region, most of the regions show a decreasing trend year by year. More long-term observations are still needed to prove whether this phenomenon relates to global warming. Long-term rainfall analysis showed that the topography blocked water vapor to the western, southern, and mountainous regions, making them distinctly wet or dry. The harmonic curve showed great consistency with the peaks of PWV and rainfall. However, in the northern and eastern parts of the windward side, the time when maximum rainfall occurred each year may be one month later than the time when the maximum PWV value occurred each year. The reason for this difference is likely to be a decrease in the number of autumn typhoons, resulting in a nearly one-month difference in PWV peaks and rainfall peaks. Finally, we analyzed the linear trend of GPS-PWV and temperature for all regions in Taiwan, and found that annual increasing rate of GPS-PWV and temperature of all regions are within 0.4–0.5 mm/year and 0.04–0.11 C°/year, respectively.     

Space object material identification method of hyperspectral imaging based on Tucker decomposition

Space object material identification method based on Tucker decomposition is proposed and demonstrated experimentally. Space target generally has a low spatial resolution because of the limitation in detection distance. Hyperspectral imaging (HSI) technology can capture the image from visible light to shortwave infrared continuously while providing the spatial and spectral information of the target, thereby introducing a new space target detection and identification approach. However, the data obtained by the HSI system often contain mixed pixels, thereby causing difficulties in target material identification. In this work, a material identification method of hyperspectral data based on Tucker decomposition is proposed by combining mixed spectral theory with tensor decomposition. The feasibility of the method is verified by using satellite model hyperspectral data with different spatial resolutions compared with the endmember obtained from the non-negative matrix decomposition (NMF), independent component analysis (ICA), tensor singular value decomposition (t-SVD). The average CORR of NMF, ICA, t-SVD and the proposed method is 0.2694, 0.5818, 0.6397 and 0.937, correspondingly. Therefore, the proposed method has demonstrated a more remarkable performance in terms of material identification, the analysis results of the material abundance distribution that used the proposed method.     

空间实验室的风险识别与控制方法

以天宫一号空间实验室风险识别与控制技术需求为牵引,对风险识别与控制方法的分阶段应用提出建议。针对空间实验室的重要风险和组合体特性,提出了的相对风险识别法和降级重构风险控制法,从相对风险的角度对空间实验室重大风险进行识别,在天宫一号无法对组合体实施控制时,用载人飞船接替天宫一号对空间实验室组合体进行控制。规避了风险识别结果波动过大的问题,在不增加设备冗余和其它舱段的前提下降低了系统风险。     

低温动态准双轴拉伸加载下HTPB推进剂的热老化性能

为分析热老化后三组元端羟基聚丁二烯(HTPB)推进剂在低温动态准双轴加载下的性能,开展了不同热加速老化时间、不同温度和应变率条件下推进剂的准双轴拉伸力学性能试验及扫描电镜(SEM)观察试验。试验结果表明：热加速老化前后,推进剂的拉伸曲线趋势、力学性能变化规律及细观损伤形式保持一致,改进型非线性模型能够更好地描述1~100 s -1 应变率范围内典型力学性能参数随热老化时间的非线性变化关系。随温度降低,老化后推进剂的断面形貌由“脱湿”变为AP颗粒断裂,热老化、低温以及高应变率载荷的叠加使得推进剂的细观损伤变得更加严重,但准双轴拉伸时损伤程度相比单轴拉伸时有所减弱。热老化32 d、74 d和98 d后-50 ℃、 14.29 s -1 加载条件下的最大伸长率分别为未老化时室温、0.40 s -1 条件下数值的28.79%、27.58%和25.63%,该参数定义可为分析长期贮存后战术导弹SRM药柱在低温点火条件下结构完整性失效的准则提供数据支持。     

月面着陆器INS/CNS深组合导航方法

针对月面着陆器下降过程中的姿态快速调整需求,导航系统必须具备实时快速解算能力,而传统天文导航算法星图识别过程计算量大,占用了一定的硬件资源和能耗,限制了月面着陆器动态响应能力的提高。针对这一问题提出一种基于图像灰度误差的惯性/天文深度组合导航方法。该方法利用惯导辅助星敏感器构建灰度误差函数,根据灰度误差梯度优化姿态失准角,无需星图识别过程依旧可以完成对姿态的估计。仿真结果表明,在导航星数目不少于3颗时,该方法可在与惯性/天文松、紧组合姿态精度一致的前提下,将计算时间缩短60%,姿态精度维持在10″(非光轴)、50″(光轴)以内;在导航星数目小于3颗时,依旧可以进行导航解算,姿态精度维持在50″(非光轴)、100″(光轴)以内。将其应用于月面着陆器等实时性需求较高的背景中,有助于降低算法的计算量,节约硬件资源和系统功耗,为未来月面着陆器导航系统的设计提供新思路和理论参考。     

A knowledge-based en route monitor for air traffic control

The en route monitor system (ERMS), which is a software system designed to assist human controllers, was developed as a tool for the control center. A domain-specific knowledge-based design approach was used. The system is implemented in Turbo Prolog. The problem and solution techniques are discussed in detail, and examples and simulations are demonstrated to show the potential application of the ERMS in air traffic control     

施工项目经济核算体系的建立和应用

介绍了施工项目经济核算的建立和应用 ,指出施工中可能出现的经济漏洞和预防措施 ,为加强项目管理、提高生产效益找出了一条新途径     

MC-CDMA在TDRSS系统SMA业务中的应用研究

针对传统跟踪与数据中继卫星系统(TDRSS)中S波段多址(SMA)业务直接序列扩频码分多址(DS-CDMA)的缺点,提出采用多载波码分多址(MC-CDMA)进行替代的调制解调方案,对其系统结构和在TDRSS中应用需解决的关键技术问题进行了分析。MC-CDMA具有数据传输速率和频带利用率高,发送和接收设备简单等优点,在载人航天通信中具有十分重要的应用价值。     

如何将导师制整合到高校外语师资发展中的研究

在西方国家,导师制(mentoring)经过几十年的发展,已形成一套完整的体系和成熟的模式。此项研究旨在把青年教师的导师制培养模式介绍到中国高校英语教师的培训中,以促进教师的职业发展,提高教学质量。本文对导师制的文献进行综述,并分析了目前高校英语教师师资发展现状。