多机并联火箭羽流流场及其底部热环境分析

For the problem that the plume flow field structure of a multi engine parallel rocket is complicated and the bottom thermal environment is extremely harsh, which may cause the failure of the engine structural components, the plume flow field and thermal environment at different altitudes are studied through numerical simulation. The result is compared with the measured results in flight which shows that when the rocket is flying at a low altitude, the plume of the engines do not interfere with each other. As the flight altitude increases, the plumes gradually expand and begin to interfere with each other, and finally there is an obvious backflow at the bottom of the rocket. The maximum heat flux at the moment of take off is basically the same as the measured value in flight. Before the backflow occurs, the heat flux mainly consists of radiant heat, the convective heat flow increases as the flight altitude grows, but it is also much smaller than the peak heat flow at takeoff. The result has certain guiding significance for the optimal design of engine structure thermal protection.     

表面介质阻挡放电对扩散火焰燃烧特性的影响

针对表面介质阻挡放电（SDBD）在激发等离子体时具有显著的气动效应和化学活化效应，为分析表面介质阻挡放电对空气/甲烷同轴剪切扩散燃烧的助燃效果，实验使用高频交流电源，基于等离子体诱导射流逆向激励对火焰施加控制。根据获取的射流流场纹影图像、火焰图像和CH*自发辐射，研究了等离子体对不同燃烧条件下火焰燃烧特性的影响。结果表明:受等离子体气动激励作用，火焰上游细长剪切层的空气/甲烷掺混得到增强，从而扩大了剪切层燃烧宽度，同时燃烧释热速率会明显提高，这主要与等离子体活化效应有关，并且该效应显著增强了位于喷嘴出口火焰基的燃烧强度。在空气流量较低时，等离子体气动激励可有效增大火焰下游湍流度和射流角，使火焰高度降低、宽度增大，且作用效果随放电电压提高逐渐增强。      

High temporal resolution global PWV dataset of 2005–2016 by using a neural network approach to determine the mean temperature of the atmosphere

Atmospheric water vapour plays an important role in phenomena related to the global hydrologic cycle and climate change. However, the rapid temporal–spatial variation in global tropospheric water vapour has not been well investigated due to a lack of long-term, high-temporal-resolution precipitable water vapour (PWV). Accordingly, this study generates an hourly PWV dataset for 272 ground-based International Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) Service (IGS) stations over the period of 2005–2016 using the zenith troposphere delay (ZTD) derived from global-scale GNSS observation. The root mean square (RMS) of the hourly ZTD obtained from the IGS tropospheric product is approximately 4 mm. A fifth-generation reanalysis dataset of the European Centre for Medium-range Weather Forecasting (ECMWF ERA5) is used to obtain hourly surface temperature (T) and pressure (P), which are first validated with GNSS synoptic station data and radiosonde data, respectively. Then, T and P are used to calculate the water vapour-weighted atmospheric mean temperature (Tm) and zenith hydrostatic delay (ZHD), respectively. T and P at the GNSS stations are obtained via an interpolation in the horizontal and vertical directions using the grid-based ERA5 reanalysis dataset. Here, Tm is calculated using a neural network model, whereas ZHD is obtained using an empirical Saastamoinen model. The RMS values of T and P at the collocated 693 radiosonde stations are 1.6 K and 3.1 hPa, respectively. Therefore, the theoretical error of PWV caused by the errors in ZTD, T and P is on the order of approximately 2.1 mm. A practical comparison experiment is performed using 97 collocated radiosonde stations and 23 GNSS stations equipped with meteorological sensors. The RMS and bias of the hourly PWV dataset are 2.87/?0.16 and 2.45/0.55 mm, respectively, when compared with radiosonde and GNSS stations equipped with meteorological sensors. Additionally, preliminary analysis of the hourly PWV dataset during the EI Niño event of 2014–2016 further indicates the capability of monitoring the daily changes in atmospheric water vapour. This finding is interesting and significant for further climate research.     

Particle swarm optimization applied to hypersonic reentry trajectories

This paper presents the novel use of the particle swarm optimization(PSO)to generate the end-to-end trajectory for hypersonic reentry vehicles in a quite simple formulation.The velocitydependent bank angle profile is developed to reduce the search space of unknown parameters based on the constrained PSO algorithm.The path constraints are enforced by setting the fitness function to be infinite on condition that the particles violate the maximum allowable values.The PSO algorithm also provides a much easier means to satisfy the terminal conditions by adding penalty terms to the fitness function.Furthermore,the approximate reentry landing footprint is fast constructed by incorporating an interpolation model into the standardized bank angle profiles.Numerical simulations demonstrate that the PSO method is a feasible and flexible tool to generate the end-to-end trajectory and landing footprint for hypersonic reentry vehicles.     

无源滤波器频率漂移的一种迭代算法

文章介绍了无源滤波器在试验过程中产生的典型幅频特性漂移曲线，并针对这些典型曲线提出了基于均方误差最小原则和牛顿迭代的频率漂移算法。     

气相化学反应与声学振荡的耦合机理数值研究

通过数值仿真方法针对液体火箭发动机内的气相化学动力学与振荡声场的热声耦合机理进行了研究。采用任意拉格朗日算法解耦流动与化学源项间的刚性。采用的多步总包反应机理考虑了底层的准稳态组分脉动。通过入口流量边界的流量脉动向燃烧室中引入纵向声波,并建立了冷流声学相似场模型以分析热声耦合效应的强度。研究发现:在线性小振幅声场中,气相化学动力学控制的释热系统与声学振荡无明显耦合激励;在非线性有限幅值声场中,燃烧室压力与释热波动出现“突跃”并表现为陡峭前沿波,气相化学动力学控制的释热系统与声学振荡发生耦合激励,反应流较其冷流声学相似场的压力振荡振幅增强约300%。最后分析了耦合激励发生的可能原因,提出了气相化学动力学体系的“释热分岔”假说。     

复燃对液氧煤油发动机尾焰冲击特性影响研究

为了研究复燃对液氧煤油发动机尾焰冲击特性的影响,建立了液氧煤油发动机尾焰冲击数值计算模型,并基于模型研究了喷管出口距离平板3m,5m两种工况下复燃对尾焰冲击特性的影响。结果表明:模型考虑了发动机内部燃烧对尾焰冲击特性的影响,计算得到了主射流区的激波结构;复燃增大了尾焰自由射流区和壁面射流区的高温区域,改变了自由射流区和滞止区的形状结构;平板壁面压力随着径向距离增大而逐渐减小,并且3m工况时在1.8m和2.5m处分别出现2.5倍环境压力和1.5倍环境压力的波动,5m工况时在2m处出现1.5~2倍环境压力的波动,在波动之后平板壁面上压力很快降为环境压力,复燃对5m工况的波动较3m工况影响大。     

预燃式等离子体射流点火器工作特性实验研究

为解决发动机点火包线小于飞行包线的实际问题,提供等离子体点火技术在航空发动机中的工程应用新思路,论文设计了一种预燃式等离子体射流点火器,实验研究了放电特性和射流特性。结果表明,预燃式等离子体射流点火器与空气等离子体射流点火器相比,在提升射流能量降低电源功率方面有着较大的优势,电流相同时通入甲烷在较大流量时可减小驱动电源功率,总流量为44L/min时,减幅可达14.99%;同时预燃式等离子体射流较空气等离子体射流稳定,且射流长度增加,扩大了点火面积,有利于点火。     

基于DSP的自适应桁架振动控制器设计

重量轻、功耗低、处理能力强的控制器对自适应桁架的空间应用具有重要意义。本文以自适应桁架空间应用为背景,进行了控制器的小型化设计。以DSP芯片TMS320VC33为核心,实现了自适应桁架振动控制器硬件,并开发了相应的控制程序。采用4阶线性二次型高斯(LQG)离散控制模型,在自适应桁架实验平台上进行了振动抑制实验。实验表明,以DSP为核心的小型化控制器能够实现对自适应桁架振动的有效抑制,达到了与dSPACE控制器相同的控制效果。     

视觉测振技术在柔性太阳翼模态试验中的应用

针对8 m×5 m的柔性太阳翼在倒立状态下进行模态试验,设计数字摄像视觉测振系统,基于图像特征跟踪法实现了从相机标定、图像采集、信息提取到三维振动数据获取的过程,通过工况模态辨识方法获取了柔性太阳翼模态频率及振型等动力学参数。并考虑空气和重力影响建立太阳翼有限元模型,通过与基于基恩士激光位移传感器的传统模态试验结果及仿真分析结果进行对比,验证了基于视觉测振工况模态试验方法的准确性,为柔性太阳翼在轨模态辨识奠定基础。