落弹舱的微重力环境

本文首先建立了分析落弹舱运动的各种坐标系,给出了解算姿态运动参数的数学模型.然后根据落弹舱微重力加速度的物理背景,对其微重力环境进行了数学描述和物理解释,推导了舱内任意部位微重力加速度表达式,阐明影响微重力环境的主要因素是气动阻力和姿态角运动.最后分析和近似估算了落弹舱的微重力水平,给出了气动阻力对落弹舱微重力水平影响的数值计算结果:平流层气球在30km以上释放落弹舱,优于5×10-2g的微重力持续时间超过30秒.      

空气雾化的模型及其计算

本文研究了预膜式空气雾化喷嘴的雾化过程, 建议一个液膜 (波)破碎准则, 并结合有关雾化机理的研究结果建立一个雾化模型, 提出了一种称为跟踪 -统计的雾化模型数值计算方法。对喷嘴出口后的液膜破碎形成粒子的尺寸、数目及运动进行跟踪记录及统计, 得出液雾在空间的分布特性。为验证此雾化模型及其计算方法, 计算了一个三元轴对称喷嘴出口后的液雾场。计算及实验符合, 表明了该模型及其计算方法的可行性。      

确定相对小裂纹da/dN公式系数的计算反推法

以谱载下相对小裂纹尺寸范围的(a,t)数据为依据,选择适当的裂纹扩展计算程序,以试验与计算寿命的偏差平方和SSE为目标函数,采用直接寻优方法(搜索法)进行优化,从而实现用计算反推法确定相对小裂纹da/dN公式系数,用以代替难度高、耗资大的试验测定,对耐久性分析的DCGA的应用意义重大。     

弹道式地地导弹精度计算公式及其拟合方法

归纳和总结厂弹道式地地导弹的精度变化规律,根据这些规律和谐波分析理论建立了导弹精度计算公式。文中根据函数逼近理沦,提出了确定谐波函数阶次的方法和具体的拟合步骤。应用这种方法导出了实际导弹的精度计算拟合公式.采用这些公式和采用弹道计算方法分别计算任意相同条件下的导弹精度值.其相对误差小于1%。本文提出的精度计算拟合公式是简便实用的.     

空气雾化喷嘴内气流旋转及出口扩张对雾化性能的影响

本文研究了空气雾化喷嘴内气流旋转及出口扩张角对雾化性能的影响关系,对装有三种不同叶片转角的旋流器及三种出口扩张角的喷嘴试件进行了试验和分析。得结论是:就这二者本身来说对雾化质量影响不大,因此在设计时可以主要按照燃烧区流场的需耍来考虑气流旋转及出口扩张角。     

高超声速流动中侧向喷流干扰特性的实验研究

在高超声速(M=6)流动中,实验研究了侧向喷流的干扰特性,并探讨了喷流压力、攻角、迎风侧及背风侧喷流对侧向喷流干扰特性的影响.结果表明,在高超声速流动中,随喷流压力增大,喷流弓形激波与来流弓形激波相交,喷流前的高压区增大,而喷流后的低压区几乎不受影响,喷流的控制效果加强.与迎风侧喷流相比,背风侧喷流控制效果更好,这一趋势随攻角的增大更加明显.     

改进布谷鸟搜索算法优化支持向量机的MEMS陀螺温度零偏补偿

针对微机械陀螺零偏受温度影响较大的问题,提出一种改进布谷鸟搜索算法(CS)和支持向量机(SVM)相结合的陀螺零偏温度补偿方法。首先,将平滑处理后的陀螺数据作为样本点,采用基于径向基核函数的支持向量机方法构建漂移模型,把数据从低维空间映射到高维空间进行线性拟合。然后,利用改进布谷鸟算法对支持向量机的惩罚参数、核函数参数以及不敏感系数进行优化,避免了人为选择参数的盲目性且提高了建立模型的精度。实验结果表明：经CS调节支持向量机算法补偿后,陀螺输出精度更高。与最小二乘分段拟合方法、BP神经网络方法相比,陀螺输出数据方差分别平均减小了63.2%、43.4%,最大误差分别平均减小71.63%、48.3%。     

一种非线性模型下的复合材料螺栓连接失效分析

复合材料螺栓连接结构已广泛应用于飞机结构件,研究其拉伸失效问题具有重要意义。结合Hashin失效准则、能量耗散率方法、Puck失效准则和材料损伤连续退化方法,建立一种包含面内损伤和层间损伤的复合材料三维非线性模型;将含开孔层合板准静态拉伸试验结果与有限元数值模拟结果进行对比,两者之间的应力应变响应及最终断裂失效模式一致,证明该本构模型是有效的;在此基础上,对复合材料单钉双搭接螺栓连接结构进行拉伸失效分析。结果表明:数值模拟所得位移载荷响应与试验结果吻合良好,极限拉伸载荷误差不超过5%,满足工程应用要求;加载过程中的孔边变形和损伤累积使得螺栓连接结构整体刚度下降,其最终破坏模式为中搭接板挤压失效。     

Experimental investigation on aero-heating of rudder shaft within laminar/turbulent hypersonic boundary layers

The aero-heating of the rudder shaft region of a hypersonic vehicle is very harsh, as the peak heat flux in this region can be even higher than that at the stagnation point. Therefore, studying the aero-heating of the rudder shaft is of great significance for designing the thermal protection system of the hypersonic vehicle. In the wind tunnel test of the aero-heating effect, we find that with the increase of the angle of attack of the lifting body model, the increasement of the heat flux of the rudder shaft is larger under laminar flow conditions than that under turbulent flow conditions. To understand this, we design a wind tunnel experiment to study the effect of laminar/turbulent hypersonic boundary layers on the heat flux of the rudder shaft under the same wind tunnel freestream conditions. The experiment is carried out in the ?2 m shock tunnel(FD-14 A) affiliated to the China Aerodynamics Research and Development Center(CARDC). The laminar boundary layer on the model is triggered to a turbulent one by using vortex generators, which are 2 mm-high diamonds. The aero-heating of the rudder shaft(with the rudder) and the protuberance(without the rudder) are studied in both hypersonic laminar and turbulent boundary layers under the same freestream condition. The nominal Mach numbers are 10 and 12, and the unit Reynolds numbers are2.4 × 10~6 m~(-1) and 2.1 × 10~6 m-1. The angle of attack of the model is 20°, and the deflection angle of the rudder and the protuberance is 10°. The heat flux on the model surface is measured by thin film heat flux sensors, and the heat flux distribution along the center line of the lifting body model suggests that forced transition is achieved in the upstream of the rudder. The test results of the rudder shaft and the protuberance show that the heat flux of the rudder shaft is lower in the turbulent flow than that in the laminar flow, but the heat flux of the protuberance is the other way around,i.e., lower in the laminar flow than in the turbulent flow. The wind tunnel test results is also validated by numerical simulations. Our analysis suggests that this phenomenon is due to the difference of boundary layer velocities caused by different thickness of boundary layer between laminar and turbulent flows, as well as the restricted flow within the rudder gap. When the turbulent boundary layer is more than three times thicker than that of the laminar boundary layer, the heat flux of the rudder shaft under the laminar flow condition is higher than that under the turbulent flow condition. Discovery of this phenomenon has great importance for guiding the design of the thermal protection system for the rudder shaft of hypersonic vehicles.     

外加磁场对脉冲等离子体推力器性能的影响

为了研究外加磁场对PPT性能的影响,建立了PPT带外加磁场的机电模型,并用三种不同放电能量水平的PPT验证了该模型的可靠性。利用该模型研究了外加磁场强度、模式、位置以及长度对PPT性能的影响。结果表明,对于尾部馈送型PPT,当外加磁场增加时,PPT性能先增加后减小,存在最优的外加磁场强度。对于LES-6 PPT和LES-8/9 PPT,外加磁场从极板的最左端开始施加效果最好;当外加磁场强度分别为0.25T,0.50T,0.75T,1.00T时,这两种PPT对应的最适合施加磁场长度分别是1.3mm,1.8mm,2.1mm,2.3mm和1.6mm,2.8mm,3.4mm,3.7mm。对于TMU PPT,外加磁场从极板的最右端开始施加效果最好,但是施加磁场长度应该根据具体实验结果并结合仿真计算来决定。