合成孔径雷达卫星构型设计

合成孔径雷(Synthetic Aperture Radar,简称SAR)卫星的构型与其它卫星相比具有一定的特殊性,主要体现在大面积的相控平面SAR天线在工作时需侧视(长度方向沿飞行方向)和SAR天线与太阳电池阵之间的相容性.通过分析SAR卫星构型的特点,根据卫星构型设计的原则,结合SAR卫星的构型实例,给出SAR卫星构型设计的基本思路和方法.     

一种共轴双旋翼式火星飞行器设计及其试验验证

针对火星飞行器探测需求,提出了一种共轴双旋翼式火星飞行器,基于计算流体力学方法优选了桨叶翼型、平面形状和扭转角等结构参数,基于叶素动量理论建立了旋翼气动力学模型,利用数值模拟方法选择了旋翼转速、旋翼间距和桨叶安装角等飞行参数,设计了原理样机"火星飞鸟-I"的结构与控制系统。构建了火星大气环境模拟器和重力补偿与运动约束装置,开展了模拟火星环境下旋翼式飞行器地面飞行试验,验证了共轴双旋翼式火星飞行器的推进性能,展望了旋翼式火星飞行器技术的发展方向。研究成果对我国开展的火星探测工程具有重要借鉴价值。     

期望状态序列导向的深空探测器规划修复方法

针对探测器动作持续、并行、消耗能源所导致的规划修复难求解问题,提出一种基于期望状态序列的深空探测器规划修复方法。该方法根据动作的执行完成情况,从既定规划中提取未完成执行动作的期望效果以及待执行动作的期望前提,构成一组有序的、逻辑与能源混合的期望状态集合,为规划修复提供子目标,从而将规划修复问题转化为状态转移路径搜索问题;并在搜索过程中,提出能源补给优先的规划修复策略,将逻辑修复与能源修复分离以降低问题求解难度,最终使得探测器能够自主从规划失败中恢复执行。最后,以火星环绕器为例进行数值仿真,验证了方法的有效性和合理性。     

多机并联火箭羽流流场及其底部热环境分析

针对某多机并联火箭羽流流场结构复杂、底部热环境极为恶劣,有可能导致发动机结构部件失效的问题,通过数值仿真对其飞行过程不同高度下的羽流流场及热环境进行研究,并与热环境实测结果进行了对比分析。计算结果表明:火箭低空飞行时,各发动机羽流互不干扰,随着飞行高度不断增加,羽流逐渐扩张并开始相互干扰,最后在箭体底部出现明显回流,最大热流在起飞时刻,与飞行实测值基本一致。出现回流之前,箭体底部主要受辐射热影响,随着回流出现,对流热流随之增大,但也远小于起飞时刻的热流峰值。计算得到的多机并联火箭羽流流场及其热环境分布对发动机舱外结构热防护优化设计具有一定的指导意义。     

大气层内固体火箭实时轨迹优化方法

针对大气层内固体火箭能量管理问题,提出一种邻近-牛顿-康托维奇凸规划的实时轨迹优化方法。首先,针对传统能量管理方法难以严格满足大气层内过程约束的不足,提出了一种对控制量模值积分进行惩罚的规则化方法,将能量管理问题转化为轨迹优化问题。然后,针对大气层内强非线性动力学与约束,提出一种邻近-牛顿-康托维奇凸规划方法,对优化问题中的非线性项进行线性化处理并在性能指标中引入邻近规则化项,提升了算法的收敛性。最后,为减小优化算法对初始猜想的依赖性,引入虚拟控制变量对控制约束与过程约束进行松弛。数学仿真结果表明:采用所提出的轨迹优化方法求解能量管理问题是有效的,能够严格满足各项约束并实现高精度终端;此外,算法具有优异的实时性,能够满足能量管理对求解速度的要求。     

航天器时态规划技术研究进展

结合航天器自主运行的迫切需求,阐述了航天器任务规划问题给智能规划技术带来的挑战,并重点分析了具有时间属性的规划方法研究必要性。给出航天器时态规划定义,分别总结了状态空间时态规划建模方法和基于时间线的时态规划建模方法,并给出时态规划知识模型关键元素定义。根据规划方法发展现状,归纳总结前向链、模型转换、规划空间规划和分层任务网络四种方法在时态规划技术方面的特点和研究进展,着重描述各种方法对规划中时间要素的处理。在对目前的航天器时态规划技术发展趋势总结分析基础上,给出了未来航天器时态规划技术的发展建议。     

Application of CCD drift-scan photoelectric technique on monitoring GEO satellites

Geosynchronous Earth Orbit (GEO) satellites are widely used because of their unique characteristics of high-orbit and remaining permanently in the same area of the sky. Precise monitoring of GEO satellites can provide a key reference for the judgment of satellite operation status, the capture and identification of targets, and the analysis of collision warning. The observation using ground-based optical telescopes plays an important role in the field of monitoring GEO targets. Different from distant celestial bodies, there is a relative movement between the GEO target and the background reference stars, which makes the conventional observation method limited for long focal length telescopes. CCD drift-scan photoelectric technique is applied on monitoring GEO targets. In the case of parking the telescope, the good round images of the background reference stars and the GEO target at the same sky region can be obtained through the alternating observation of CCD drift-scan mode and CCD stare mode, so as to improve the precision of celestial positioning for the GEO target. Observation experiments of GEO targets were carried out with 1.56-meter telescope of Shanghai Astronomical Observatory. The results show that the application of CCD drift-scan photoelectric technique makes the precision of observing the GEO target reach the level of 0.2″, which gives full play to the advantage of the long focal length of the telescope. The effect of orbit improvement based on multi-pass of observations is obvious and the prediction precision of extrapolating to 72-h is in the order of several arc seconds in azimuth and elevation.     

激光雷达对沉潜油探测的探索*

目前,人们对于海洋沉潜油的规律研究及控制水平较低,特别是探测30m深度以内的浅海地区的沉潜油分布信息,其主要原因是缺乏快速有效的探测手段。北京遥测技术研究所开发水下探测激光雷达样机,利用激光在海水中良好的透过特性,用于对水下沉潜油的探测以及对海底等目标的高精度探测。样机完成在水池中进行水下沉潜油的模拟探测试验,对沉潜油样本的典型激光回波信号进行采集分析,并测量模拟探测深度。试验结果基本符合设计预期,为进一步提升激光雷达沉潜油探测能力打下良好基础。     

Comparison of convergence time and positioning accuracy among BDS,GPS and BDS/GPS precise point positioning with ambiguity resolution

Precise point positioning (PPP) usually takes about 30?min to obtain centimetre-level accuracy, which greatly limits its application. To address the drawbacks of convergence speed and positioning accuracy, we develop a PPP model with integrated GPS and BDS observations. Based on the method, stations with global coverage are selected to estimate the fractional cycle bias (FCB) of GPS and BDS. The short-term and long-term time series of wide-lane (WL) FCB, and the single day change of narrow-lane (NL) FCB are analysed. It is found that the range of GPS and BDS non-GEO (IGSO and MEO) WL FCB is stable at up to a 30-day-time frame. At times frame of up to 60?days, the stability is reduced a lot. Whether for short-term or long-term, the changes in the BDS GEO WL FCB are large. Moreover, BDS FCB sometimes undergoes a sudden jump. Besides, 17 and 10 stations were used respectively to investigate the convergence speed and positioning errors with six strategies: BDS ambiguity-float PPP (Bfloat), GPS ambiguity-float PPP (Gfloat), BDS/GPS ambiguity-float PPP (BGfloat), BDS ambiguity-fixed PPP (Bfix), GPS ambiguity-fixed (Gfix), and BDS/GPS ambiguity-fixed (BGfix). The average convergence speed of the ambiguity-fixed solution is greatly improved compared with the ambiguity-float solution. In terms of the average convergence time, the Bfloat is the longest and the BGfix is the shortest among these six strategies. Whether for ambiguity-float PPP or ambiguity-fixed PPP, the convergence reduction time in three directions for the combined system is the largest compared with the single BDS. The average RMS value of the Bfix in three directions (easting (E), northing (N), and up (U)) are 2.0?cm, 1.5?cm, and 5.9?cm respectively, while those of the Gfix are 0.8?cm, 0.5?cm, and 1.7?cm. Compared with single system, the BDS/GPS combined ambiguity-fixed system (BGfix) has the fastest convergence speed and the highest accuracy, with average RMS as 0.7?cm, 0.5?cm, and 1.9?cm for the E, N, U components, respectively.