先进的航天发动机试验

本文报导一种航天发动机的高空模拟点火试验。这种发动机综合利用了几种先进技术:90%固体燃料的端羟基聚丁二烯/铝粉/过氯酸铵/奥克托金推进剂;在凯夫拉壳体内的头端满装药;无支撑的整体喉部和收敛段入口;特轻的喷管和用充气膨胀的作动筒展开的可延伸出口锥。这次试验结束了法国欧洲动力公司和美国联合工艺公司化学系统分部之间为期两年的分工协作的研究和试制工作。所达到的比冲值被认为是复合推进剂在样机发动机中的一个最高记录。     

Recent results of the joint ESA-DARA/IBMP experiments Biokosmos "Seeds"

Comparison of experimental data obtained from short (SDEF) and long duration exposure flights (LDEF) have recently led to results which will be significant for longer and/or repeated sojourn of man in space. Under orbital conditions biological stress and damage are induced in test subjects by cosmic radiation, especially the high energetic, densely ionizing component of heavy ions. Plant seeds were successful model systems for a biotest in studying the physiological damages and mutagenic effect caused by ionizing cosmic radiation in particular stem cells. Dosimetrically, the subdivision into charge- and Let-groups reveals the contribution of the intermediate group (LET = 350-1000 MeV/cm) due to the medium heavy ions (Z = 6-10). Their relative contribution increases with the lower inclination of the orbit of LDEF-1; on the other hand, the total fluence becomes higher with longer duration of the flight. The observed endpoints of the biological radiation damage hint at a correlation with particle dose rate rather than with the dose; additionally, data on shielding effects inside and outside the space craft and its exposure were gained from the different SDEF- and LDEF-missions.     

过氯酸铵粒度对燃烧横向气流响应的影响

对线性速度耦合的燃烧响应函数发展了一种分析模型。该模型讨论了压力成分(由于复台推进剂的不均匀性)及横向气流速度扰动的请参数响应。过氯酸铵(AP)粒度的影响可通过对弹道的控制特性及推进剂成分的波动影响来考虑。横向气流有两个力面的影响:横向气流速度对各种响应参数的影响以及对速度扰动的响应。本文讨论了这两个问题,叙述了由一系列参数计算而导出重要趋势。     

超声速流中三波结构的参数优化研究

对三波结构的参数进行了探讨，给出了在反射激波和主激波后一些气动力变量的比值存在极值，文中称这种结构为优化结构，当给定气流的马赫数时，理论上就可确定优化三波结构的入射激波强度和存在区域，这可为一些超声速气动装置的设计提供参考依据。     

旋转失速状态下叶片激振频率的研究

研究了各不同几何状态下（平均半径处叶片安装角从３２．９°－４７．９°，叶栅稠度从０．５８３－１．１６５）的旋转失速流场及叶片受迫振动的激振频率。在失速压力信号为非正弦信号及周向叶片并非完全轴对称的假设下，建立了旋转失速状态下叶片激振频率的预测公式，预测结果与实验结果较好的吻合表明，本文所提出的预测公式是可靠的，满足工程精度要求。     

氯丁橡胶的动态力学性能

汽车发动机前支架的功能橡胶另件需要满足与防震和消音有关的一系列物理和动态力学性能。就小型发动机而言,因为在宽频率范围内必须防震,可选择高阻尼橡胶。然而,在非常慢的速度下,高阻尼橡胶的传递性随频率降低而降低,并且某些高阻尼橡胶抗蠕变性较差。本报告(?)述新的配方工艺;用配比为87.5/12.5%的氯丁胶和丁腈胶并用胶来获得满足汽车发动机前支架所需的物理、动态力学和蠕变性能的典型技术要求。用 Rheovibron 法在广泛的温度、频率和应变范围下测量了这种共混的动态力学性能,且与其它弹性体如乙稀/丙稀酸类共混胶进行了比较。     

The O/OREOS mission: first science data from the Space Environment Survivability of Living Organisms (SESLO) payload

We report the first telemetered spaceflight science results from the orbiting Space Environment Survivability of Living Organisms (SESLO) experiment, executed by one of the two 10?cm cube-format payloads aboard the 5.5?kg Organism/Organic Exposure to Orbital Stresses (O/OREOS) free-flying nanosatellite. The O/OREOS spacecraft was launched successfully to a 72° inclination, 650?km Earth orbit on 19 November 2010. This satellite provides access to the radiation environment of space in relatively weak regions of Earth's protective magnetosphere as it passes close to the north and south magnetic poles; the total dose rate is about 15 times that in the orbit of the International Space Station. The SESLO experiment measures the long-term survival, germination, and growth responses, including metabolic activity, of Bacillus subtilis spores exposed to the microgravity, ionizing radiation, and heavy-ion bombardment of its high-inclination orbit. Six microwells containing wild-type (168) and six more containing radiation-sensitive mutant (WN1087) strains of dried B. subtilis spores were rehydrated with nutrient medium after 14 days in space to allow the spores to germinate and grow. Similarly, the same distribution of organisms in a different set of microwells was rehydrated with nutrient medium after 97 days in space. The nutrient medium included the redox dye Alamar blue, which changes color in response to cellular metabolic activity. Three-color transmitted intensity measurements of all microwells were telemetered to Earth within days of each of the 48?h growth experiments. We report here on the evaluation and interpretation of these spaceflight data in comparison to delayed-synchronous laboratory ground control experiments.     

PtSi肖特基势垒IRCCD焦面阵列的设计和性能

该文介绍高性能PtSi肖特基势垒探测器64×128元红外CCD焦面阵列。掩埋沟道CCD成像器具有一个行间传输机构,它有22％的有效探测面积和120×60μm的像元尺寸。高性能薄型铂硅探测器的截止波长约6.0μm,而在3.0～4.5μm的光谱段有4.0～1.0％的量子效率。根据过程参数和工作电压,这些红外探测器在77K测得的暗电流密度为5到60nA/cm~2。在一个电视兼容的红外相机里,高质量的热图像通过64×128元PtSi肖特基势垒红外CCD焦面阵列得到。红外CCD照相机在没有垂直隔行扫描的情况下,以60帧每秒工作。     

小型化GPS接收机

首先介绍小型化 GPS 接收机的设计思想、数字化、按功能分配集成芯片模块、射频,中频电路采用 MMIC,数字电路采用 VHSIC/VLSI 等。给出接收机的组成。然后讨论合成 MMIC 信号处理蕊片、多功能接口蕊片及数字处理芯片等。软件用 Ada 语言编写,文中列出软件的主要功能。