An algorithm for solving three-dimensional problem of elasticity theory for transversally isotropic medium

An algorithm for solving a boundary-value problem of deforming structures made of composite materials is considered. The polynomial solutions of the equation system for the linear theory of elasticity for the anisotropic medium in displacements are used in this algorithm.     

A Simplified Instrument Failure Detection Scheme

A simplified version of the dedicated observer scheme for detecting incipient instrument failures in automatic systems is presented. This scheme requires only a single observer, driven by a single instrument. Simple logical combinations of estimated instrument outputs from the observer with the actual instrument outputs allow small faults in all the instruments to be detected. Tests on a simulation of a practical system indicate the scheme is robust with respect to a small uncertainty in a dynamic parameter of the controlled plant.     

VLF Multirange Navigation Errors

The fix error, for long-distance XIF navigation systems in which the distances to two or three ground-based stations are determined, is a function of the "angles of cut" of the lines of position, the standard deviation of the errors in determination of the distances (ranges) to the stations, and the degree of correlation of these distance determinations. An analysis is made of the errors which occur in a range determination. n. Estimates, applicable when comparing constant-error contours (isograms), are given. The equations for the constant-error contours are derived (based on a spherical earth) as a function of baseline length (and orientation where three stations are used) and the angles of cut of the lines of position. n. Various error isograms were computed and plotted through the use of a digital computer. A number of examples are presented. A method for determining the area covered acceptably by two stations is given and three-station coverage characteristics are discussed.     

Gravitational maneuvers as a way to direct small asteroids to trajectory of a rendezvous with dangerous near-Earth objects

A possibility to prevent collisions with the Earth of dangerous celestial bodies by directing at them small asteroids is considered. It is proposed to solve this problem using a gravitational maneuver near the Earth.     

Solar neutrinos: Theory versus observation

The current state of the solar neutrino problem is described. The predictions of solar models (standard and nonstandard) are reviewed. The neutrino absorption cross sections for all detectors of current interest are reviewed with special emphasis on the uncertainties that exist in the calculations for each target. A long-term program for neutrino spectroscopy of the solar interior is outlined. It is shown, in addition, that stellar collapses can be detected within the galaxy by the proposed solar neutrino detectors.     

Numerical analysis of the coefficients of temperature restitution and heat transfer in a turbulent dispersed flow

A technique is proposed and the results of the numerical investigation of the coefficients of temperature restitution and heat transfer on the surface streamlined by a turbulent dispersed flow are presented. The calculation data given involve that the coefficients of temperature restitution and heat transfer of the dispersed flow are significantly dependent on the nature of relative phase motion (with or without directional transverse particle displacement in the boundary layer), on the phase slip coefficients, and on the intensity of internal sources of heat and momentum in the boundary layer of the carrying medium.     

Special features of accelerated aerosol coagulation under subharmonic resonance in an open tube

The results of experimental studies of nonlinear aerosol oscillations in an open tube for a frequency equal to half the fundamental one are presented. The results can be used in designing aircraft engines.     

Improvement in the GERB short wave flux estimations over snow covered surfaces

Because space-borne radiometers do not measure the Earth’s outgoing fluxes directly, angular distribution models (ADMs) are required to relate actual radiance measurement to flux at given solar angle, satellite-viewing geometries, surface, and atmospheric conditions. The conversion of one footprint broad-band radiance into the corresponding flux requires therefore one to first characterize each footprint in terms of surface type and cloud cover properties to properly select the adequate ADM.

A snow (and sea-ice) retrieval technique based on spectral measurements from the Spinning Enhanced Visible and Infrared Imager (SEVIRI) on board Meteosat 8 is presented. It has been developed to improve the scene identification and thus the ADM selection in the near-real time processing of the Geostationary Earth Radiation Budget (GERB) data at the Royal Meteorological Institute of Belgium. The improvement in the GERB short wave flux estimations over snow covered scene types resulting from angular conversion using dedicated snow ADMs (e.g., empirical snow ADMs and/or pre-computed theoretical snow ADM) instead of empirical snow-free ADMs is discussed.     

Intermittency of solar wind density fluctuations and its relation to sharp density changes

The paper presents the study of turbulent properties of the solar wind plasma, namely, the intermittency of fluctuations of the solar wind ion flux in the earlier unexplored region of comparatively high frequencies (0.01–1 Hz). Special attention is given to a comparison of intermittency for solar wind observation intervals containing sharp (shorter than 10 min) and high-amplitude (greater than 20%) changes of the ion flux to intervals without such changes. The solar wind observation intervals containing sharp changes of the flux are found to be essentially more intermittent than the intervals of quiet solar wind. Such a comparison allows one to reveal the fundamental difference in turbulent properties of the solar wind depending on the presence or absence of sharp boundaries in plasma structures.