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191.
A. N. Denisov N. V. Kuznetsov R. A. Nymmik M. I. Panasyuk N. M. Sobolevskii 《Cosmic Research》2010,48(6):509-516
In connection with projects of manned bases on the Moon it becomes topical to estimate radiation danger for their inhabitants.
In this paper we describe a method of evaluation of the radiation environment on the lunar surface produced by galactic and
solar cosmic rays. The roles of both primary and secondary radiations generated in the depth of the lunar soil under the action
of high-energy protons and nuclei are taken into account. Calculated fluxes of particles are used in order to estimate annual
averaged absorbed and equivalent local dose rates in tissues. It is established that in the lunar rock the contribution of
secondary neutrons to the dose rate exceeds that of protons. The contribution of the secondary particles generated by nuclei
of galactic cosmic rays to the dose rate is estimated. 相似文献
192.
C.J. Hailey T. Aramaki S.E. Boggs P.v. Doetinchem H. Fuke F. Gahbauer J.E. Koglin N. Madden S.A.I. Mognet R. Ong T. Yoshida T. Zhang J.A. Zweerink 《Advances in Space Research (includes Cospar's Information Bulletin, Space Research Today)》2013
The General Antiparticle Spectrometer (GAPS) is a new approach to the indirect detection of dark matter. It relies on searching for primary antideuterons produced in the annihilation of dark matter in the galactic halo. Low energy antideuterons produced through Standard Model processes, such as collisions of cosmic-rays with interstellar baryons, are greatly suppressed compared to primary antideuterons. Thus a low energy antideuteron search provides a clean signature of dark matter. In GAPS antiparticles are slowed down and captured in target atoms. The resultant exotic atom deexcites with the emission of X-rays and annihilation pions, protons and other particles. A tracking geometry allows for the detection of the X-rays and particles, providing a unique signature to identify the mass of the antiparticle. A prototype detector was successfully tested at the KEK accelerator in 2005, and a prototype GAPS balloon flight is scheduled for 2011. This will be followed by a full scale experiment on a long duration balloon from Antarctica in 2014. We discuss the status and future plans for GAPS. 相似文献
193.
C. P. T. Groth D. L. De Zeeuw T. I. Gombosi K. G. Powell 《Space Science Reviews》1999,87(1-2):193-198
A parallel adaptive mesh refinement (AMR) scheme is described for solving the governing equations of ideal magnetohydrodynamics
(MHD) in three space dimensions. This solution algorithm makes use of modern finite-volume numerical methodology to provide
a combination of high solution accuracy and computational robustness. Efficient and scalable implementations of the method
have been developed for massively parallel computer architectures and high performance achieved. Numerical results are discussed
for a simplified model of the initiation and evolution of coronal mass ejections (CMEs) in the inner heliosphere. The results
demonstrate the potential of this numerical tool for enhancing our understanding of coronal and solar wind plasma processes.
This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
194.
I Block N Freiberger O Gavrilova R Hemmersbach 《Advances in Space Research (includes Cospar's Information Bulletin, Space Research Today)》1999,24(6):877-882
Many (if not all) free-living cells use the gravity vector for their spatial orientation (gravitaxis). Additional responses may include gravikinesis as well as changes in morphological and physiological parameters. Though using essentially different modes of locomotion, ameboid and ciliated cells seem to rely on common fundamental graviperception mechanisms. Uniquely in the ciliate family Loxodidae a specialized intracellular gravireceptor organelle has been developed, whereas in all other cells common cell structures seem to be responsible for gravisensing. Changes in direction or magnitude of acceleration (from 0 to 5 g) as well as experiments in density-adjusted media strongly indicate that either the whole cytoplasm or dense organelles like nuclei act as statoliths and open directly or via cytoskeletal elements mechano-sensitive ion channels in the cell membrane. A recent spaceflight experiment (S/MM-06) demonstrated that prolonged (9 d) actual weightlessness did not affect the ability of Loxodes to respond to acceleration stimuli. However, prolonged cooling (> or = l4 d, 4-10 degrees C) destroyed the ability for gravitactic orientation of Paramecium. This may reflect a profound effect either on the gravireceptor itself or on the gravity-signal processing. In gravity signalling the ubiquitous second messenger cAMP may be involved in acceleration-stimulus transduction. 相似文献
195.
The paper describes the first results of all-sky polarization measurements of the twilight background started in central Russia in the very beginning of summer 2011. Time-frequency data of the sky intensity and polarization over a wide range of sky point zenith distances are used to separate single and multiple scattering and construct the altitude dependence of the scattering coefficient and polarization in the mesosphere (altitudes from 60 to 90 km) at different angles. The undisturbed structure of the mesosphere without noticeable aerosol stratification on observation days makes it possible to estimate the temperature of the atmosphere at these altitudes. 相似文献
196.
A. V. Tavrov O. I. Korablev A. V. Rodin I. I. Vinogradov A. Yu. Trokhimovsky A. Yu. Ivanov L. V. Ksanfomaliti D. A. Orlov 《Cosmic Research》2011,49(2):99-109
In order to observe exoplanets we propose a space-based achromatic stellar coronagraph combined with a 0.8–1.5 m telescope.
We develop an achromatic common path interferometer for observing an exoplanet (a faint off-axis source) on the background
of a hoste star (bright axial source). An image of the star and its copy acquire an achromatic phase shift by 180° and interfere
in antiphase. The achromatic phase shift is caused by geometric phase in the scheme of a three-dimensional interferometer.
The interference process divides spatially the dark and light fields of the star image redirecting them to the opposite sides
of a beam splitter. The interference process does not weaken the image of a planet, with equal intensities it is redirected
to both sides of a beam splitter. The suggested scheme of common path interferometer ensures mechanical stability. The background
signal is experimentally demonstrated to be reduced by six orders of magnitude. 相似文献
197.
I. A. Galiullin 《Cosmic Research》2011,49(2):175-178
The constraints imposed on parameters of a force field and of a symmetrical gyrostat in it are determined, at which regular
precession of this gyrostat demonstrate Lyapunov stability (or, respectively, instability). 相似文献
198.
Possible consequences of collisions of natural cosmic bodies with the Earth’s atmosphere and surface are described. The methodological
basis of classification of consequences is the solution of meteor physics equations characterizing the trajectory of a body
in the atmosphere, namely, the dependence of the body’s velocity and mass on the flight altitude. The solution depends on
two dimensionless parameters characterizing the drag altitude and the role of mass loss by a meteoroid during its motion in
the atmosphere. Depending on values of these parameters, the degree of effect on the planetary surface considerably changes.
In particular, the conditions of cratering and meteorite fall on the planetary surface are obtained. The results are presented
in a simple analytical form. They quite match to the real events considered in the paper. Recommendations are given on further
investigations into the important problem of interaction of cosmic bodies with planetary atmospheres. 相似文献
199.
I. Sh. Sharafeev 《Russian Aeronautics (Iz VUZ)》2008,51(3):339-343
Problems of data exchange between different systems of technological-purpose automation and tasks that challenge developers in choosing the integration schemes are considered. 相似文献
200.
I. De Moortel 《Space Science Reviews》2009,149(1-4):65-81
Outwardly propagating intensity disturbances are a common feature in large, quiescent coronal loop structures. In this paper, an overview is given of the observed properties and the theoretical modelling. As a large number of events have been observed and analysed, good statistical results on the estimated parameters have now been obtained. The theoretical modelling mainly focuses on two distinct aspects, namely the observed rapid damping of the perturbations, thought to be due to thermal conduction and the origin of the driver. Leakage of the solar surface p-modes is the main candidate to explain the observed periodicity, due to the strong correlation between loop position and period and the filamentary nature of the observed coronal intensity perturbations. Recent observational results appear to confirm the leakage and subsequent upward propagation of the solar surface 5 minute oscillations into the overlying atmospheric layers. 相似文献