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81.
The ordered-statistics (OS) constant false-alarm rate (CFAR) is relatively immune to the presence of interfering targets among the reference cells used to determine the average background. OS CFAR performance in a multitarget environment was previously studied by simulation. The author obtains analytic expressions for the added detection loss, assuming strong interfering targets. The real target is assumed to be a Rayleigh fluctuating target. Numerical examples are included 相似文献
82.
Dabbous T.E. Ahmed N.U. McMillan J.C. Liang D.F. 《IEEE transactions on aerospace and electronic systems》1988,24(1):85-102
A refined stochastic model for the errors of the Loran-C radio navigation aid is described, and it is shown how this model can be used to improve the performance of integrated navigation systems. In addition to the usual propagation errors, Loran-C time of arrival measurements are occasionally plagued with sudden intermittent errors of a particular magnitude and caused by receiver cycle selection errors. These result in sudden large jumps in the calculated position solution. The Loran-C error has been modeled as the sum of a diffusion process, representing the normal propagating errors, and a pure jump process of Poisson type, representing the cycle selection errors. A simple integrated navigation system is then described, based on the Loran-C model and the standard dead reckoning (heading and speed) system model. Assuming that the observed process is governed by a linear stochastic difference equation, a recursive linear unbiased minimum variance filter is developed, from which the Loran-C and dead reckoning errors, and hence position and velocity, can be estimated 相似文献
83.
Direct Evaluation of Radar Detection Probabilities 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Xiu-Ying Hou Morinaga N. Namekawa T. 《IEEE transactions on aerospace and electronic systems》1987,(4):418-424
A simple and effective procedure for evaluating detectionperformances in radar and sonar detection problems is derived forboth fixed-threshold and adaptive-threshold detection. Using theprocedure, the cumulative probabilities of the test statistic can bedirectly evaluated from the moment generating functions bycalculating residues. The exact formulae for computing the detectionperformances for the chi-square family of fluctuating targets withan integer fluctuation parameter are given in a finite sum formwithout any special functions for both fixed threshold and cellaverageconstant false-alarm rate detection by using the methoddeveloped here. 相似文献
84.
85.
We present our current knowledge of the solar chemical composition based on the recent significant downward revision of the solar photospheric abundances of the most abundant metals. These new solar abundances result from the use of a 3D hydrodynamic model of the solar atmosphere instead of the classical 1D hydrostatic models, accounting for departures from LTE, and improved atomic and molecular data. With these abundances, the new solar metallicity, Z, decreases to Z=0.012, almost a factor of two lower than earlier widely used values. We compare our values with data from other sources and analyse a number of impacts of these new photospheric abundances. While resolving a number of longstanding problems, the new 3D-based solar photospheric composition also poses serious challenges for the standard solar model as judged by helioseismology. 相似文献
86.
B. N. Dwivedi 《Space Science Reviews》1993,65(3-4):289-316
The EUV wavelength regions is rich in emission lines from the transition region and the corona. Spectroscopic techniques have been used extensively to determine the physical conditions in the solar atmosphere for such diverse phenomena as coronal holes, active regions, sunspots, flares, etc. The diagnostics and dynamics of plasmas, both homogeneous and inhomogeneous plasmas, are reviewed. The future projects such as the CDS and SUMER instruments on SOHO have been discussed as they cover EUV wavelength region and will provide a wealth of observational data with excellent spatial, spectral, and temporal resolution. 相似文献
87.
88.
Blind adaptive decision fusion for distributed detection 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Mirjalily G. Zhi-Quan Luo Davidson T.N. Bosse E. 《IEEE transactions on aerospace and electronic systems》2003,39(1):34-52
We consider the problem of decision fusion in a distributed detection system. In this system, each detector makes a binary decision based on its own observation, and then communicates its binary decision to a fusion center. The objective of the fusion center is to optimally fuse the local decisions in order to minimize the final error probability. To implement such an optimal fusion center, the performance parameters of each detector (i.e., its probabilities of false alarm and missed detection) as well as the a priori probabilities of the hypotheses must be known. However, in practical applications these statistics may be unknown or may vary with time. We develop a recursive algorithm that approximates these unknown values on-line. We then use these approximations to adapt the fusion center. Our algorithm is based on an explicit analytic relation between the unknown probabilities and the joint probabilities of the local decisions. Under the assumption that the local observations are conditionally independent, the estimates given by our algorithm are shown to be asymptotically unbiased and converge to their true values at the rate of O(1/k/sup 1/2/) in the rms error sense, where k is the number of iterations. Simulation results indicate that our algorithm is substantially more reliable than two existing (asymptotically biased) algorithms, and performs at least as well as those algorithms when they work. 相似文献
89.
Hussein Scheeres D. Bloch A. Hyland D. McCLAMROCH N.H. 《IEEE transactions on aerospace and electronic systems》2007,43(2):723-737
We address the question of design and optimal control of a class of dual-spacecraft interferometric imaging formations. The first main contribution is that we combine two ideas introduced separately in the literature and propose a maneuver that offers improved imaging performance. We then formulate an optimal control problem to minimize fuel consumption and maximize image quality by minimizing the relative speed, which is proportional to the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of the reconstructed image. We show that the necessary conditions are also sufficient and that the resulting optimal control is unique. Finally, we apply a continuation method to solve for the unique optimal trajectory. 相似文献
90.
N. Gopalswamy Z. Mikić D. Maia D. Alexander H. Cremades P. Kaufmann D. Tripathi Y.-M. Wang 《Space Science Reviews》2006,123(1-3):303-339
The coronal mass ejection (CME) phenomenon occurs in closed magnetic field regions on the Sun such as active regions, filament regions, transequatorial interconnection regions, and complexes involving a combination of these. This chapter describes the current knowledge on these closed field structures and how they lead to CMEs. After describing the specific magnetic structures observed in the CME source region, we compare the substructures of CMEs to what is observed before eruption. Evolution of the closed magnetic structures in response to various photospheric motions over different time scales (convection, differential rotation, meridional circulation) somehow leads to the eruption. We describe this pre-eruption evolution and attempt to link them to the observed features of CMEs. Small-scale energetic signatures in the form of electron acceleration (signified by nonthermal radio bursts at metric wavelengths) and plasma heating (observed as compact soft X-ray brightening) may be indicative of impending CMEs. We survey these pre-eruptive energy releases using observations taken before and during the eruption of several CMEs. Finally, we discuss how the observations can be converted into useful inputs to numerical models that can describe the CME initiation. 相似文献