Experimental investigation of flow field in a laboratory-scale compressor

The inner flow environment of turbomachinery presents strong three-dimensional, rota-tional, and unsteady characteristics. Consequently, a deep understanding of these flow phenomena will be the prerequisite to establish a state-of-the-art design system of turbomachinery. Currently the development of more accurate turbulence models and CFD tools is in urgent need for a high-quality database for validation, especially the advanced CFD tools, such as large eddy simu-lation (LES). Under this circumstance, this paper presents a detailed experimental investigation on the 3D unsteady flow field inside a laboratory-scale isolated-rotor with multiple advanced measure-ment techniques, including traditional aerodynamic probes, hotwire probes, unsteady endwall static pressure measurement, and stereo particle image velocimetry (SPIV). The inlet boundary layer pro-file is measured with both hotwire probe and aerodynamic probe. The steady and unsteady flow fields at the outlet of the rotor are measured with a mini five-hole probe and a single-slanted hotwire probe. The instantaneous flow field in the rotor tip region inside the passage is captured with SPIV, and then a statistical analysis of the spatial distribution of the instantaneous tip leakage vortex/flow is performed to understand its dynamic characteristics. Besides these, the uncertainty analysis of each measurement technique is described. This database is quite sufficient to validate the advanced numerical simulation with LES. The identification process of the tip leakage vortex core in the instantaneous frames obtained from SPIV is performed deliberately. It is concluded that the ensemble-averaged flow field could not represent the tip leakage vortex strength and the trajectory trace. The development of the tip leakage vortex could be clearly cataloged into three phases according to their statistical spatial distribution. The streamwise velocity loss induced by the tipleakage flow increases until the splitting process is weak and the turbulent mixing phase is dominant.     

Comparison of BBfs Observed by Single and Multi Satellites

This paper, using the data of three Cluster satellites, compares the observations of Bursty Bulk Flow (BBF) by single satellite with those by multi satellites. The results indicate that there exists remarkable difference between observations of BBF by single satellite and multi satellites. The observations of BBF by a single satellite depend on its position relative to the flow channel. The difference is caused by the localization characteristics of fast flows in the plasma sheet, and can lead to diverging views about substorm and causal relations among substorm phenomena.      

航天器总装模块化生产模式探讨

文章介绍了航天器总装模块化生产思想,建立了航天器总装生产模式成熟度模型,提出模块化是提高航天器制造企业管理柔性、提升企业竞争力的重要途径,针对航天器总装实施特点对航天器总装生产模式进行了模块化构想,根据专业化试点取得的经验提出专业化建设对于加快航天器总装人才培养、优化资源配置等具有显著的现实意义。     

质子和离子辐照对镁稀土合金 力学性能的影响

文章研究了质子和离子（氮离子）辐照对镁稀土（Mg-Zn-Y-Zr）合金拉伸性能、表面硬度及拉伸变形断裂行为的影响。经能量为170 keV,注量分别为5×1015 /cm2、1×1016 /cm2、2×1016 /cm2、1×1017 /cm2的质子或离子辐照后,合金的拉伸性能和拉伸断口形貌没有发生显著变化,表明质子和离子辐照对Mg-Zn-Y-Zr合金宏观力学性能的影响有限,这与辐照粒子（质子或离子）对合金的穿透深度浅有关。纳米显微硬度测试和扫描分析结果显示,经氮离子辐照后,Mg-Zn-Y-Zr合金被辐照面表层发生了一定程度的硬化,纳米显微硬度随着辐照注量的增加而逐渐增加,而质子辐照的硬化效果不明显。     

航天器AIT项目风险量化管理研究

文章介绍了风险及风险管理概念,针对航天器总装实施特点,建立了航天器型号AIT研制项目风险结构模型,应用科学的评估方法,达到风险量化管理的目的。     

航天器推进系统气路减压阀温度特性研究

针对航天器推进系统,分析了氦气在气路上的工作过程,研究了氦气节流效应及其对减压阀阀体温度的影响。研究结果表明,在航天器气路正常工作的温度与压力范围内,氦气经过减压阀节流后的温升在65～68 K之间,并随减压阀进、出口压力差的增大而增大。氦气温度变化引起减压阀阀体温度的变化,因此了解阀体温度特性是减压阀热控设计的依据。     

航天器振动试验力限条件设计半经验方法

力限振动试验可以缓解传统加速度控制振动试验在试验件共振频率处产生的振动“过试验”现象。计算力限条件是进行力限振动试验的前提。介绍了力限振动试验的基本原理,给出了计算力限条件的基本过程,采用二自由度系统模型详细推导了半经验系数的计算方法,基于此方法计算了某航天器有效载荷力限随机振动试验的力限条件。结果显示,该方法可合理确定力限振动试验的力限条件。     

可实现定点停泊与轨迹逼近的航天器交会控制

许多空间任务均需进行轨道交会,据任务的不同,对轨道交会的要求也不同,某些情况下需要跟踪星在交会的过程中暂时停泊于某一点,某些情况下对交会过程的视线角与轨迹提出一定的要求.针对这种需求,设计了一种闭环反馈控制方法,可以使跟踪星在设定的某点进行停泊及停泊保持,也可以沿设定的某条轨迹逼近目标,以满足不同任务对交会过程的不同要求.经仿真表明,此方法能够很好的满足任务要求,并具有精度高、能耗低、跟踪速度快的特点.     

利用变环境数据的Weibull分布可靠性综合评估

为了提高可靠性评估精度,研究了环境因素对产品可靠性的影响,提出了一种适用于Weibull分布的变环境数据可靠性综合评估方法.首先通过利用径向基函数法来度量不同环境因素及其交互作用对可靠性的影响,建立了关于环境因素的位置参数模型.并针对刻度参数依赖于环境因素的情形,利用线性模型来建立刻度参数模型.然后利用广义线性模型,给出了位置和刻度参数模型系数的极大似然估计,并给出了可靠度近似置信下限.实例表明该方法能较好地度量环境因素对可靠性的影响,而且合理可行便于工程应用.     

喷丸强化7475-T7351铝合金的小裂纹行为和寿命预测

对7475-T7351铝合金进行了喷丸强化和未喷丸(机械加工后抛光)单边缺口拉伸(SENT)试样的小裂纹扩展行为试验研究,利用权函数法(WFM)和叠加原理分析计算了三维表面小裂纹在外加载荷和残余应力场联合作用下的应力强度因子(SIF),并将其加入到基于裂纹闭合的小裂纹扩展分析程序FASTRAN3.9中,采用该程序预测了均布外载荷σmax=160MPa、R=0.06下,喷丸强化和未喷丸SENT试样自然萌生裂纹扩展的a-N曲线。研究发现喷丸强化残余压应力对疲劳小裂纹扩展速率的降低是疲劳寿命延长最主要的原因,采用基于裂纹闭合的小裂纹扩展分析方法能够较好地定量描述喷丸强化的疲劳延寿作用。