基于冷备份多模冗余结构的BRAM自修复方法

随着现场可编程门阵列（FPGA）在空天电子系统中的广泛应用,受空间辐射恶劣环境影响,FPGA中重要的存储器电路BRAM,因采用SRAM技术极易发生位翻转故障,虽绝大部分情况表现为瞬时故障,但永久故障依然存在。针对BRAM自修复方法仅修复瞬时故障的现状,对能同时修复瞬时故障和永久故障的自修复方法进行研究,提出了一种冷备份多模冗余结构,用3个热备份模块和1个冷备份模块来构造BRAM,该结构可通过三模冗余刷新方法修复瞬时故障和冷备份替换方法修复永久故障。给出了整个BRAM自修复系统中各模块的电路结构和实现方法,实验验证了系统的自修复能力,并在可靠性、硬件资源和时间消耗3个方面,通过对比分析论证了自修复方法的有效性。     

Iron-magnesium silicate bioweathering on Earth (and Mars?)

We examined the common, iron-magnesium silicate minerals olivine and pyroxene in basalt and in mantle rocks to determine if they exhibit textures similar to bioweathering textures found in glass. Our results show that weathering in olivine may occur as long, narrow tunnels (1-3 microm in diameter and up to 100 microm long) and as larger irregular galleries, both of which have distinctive characteristics consistent with biological activity. These weathering textures are associated with clay mineral by-products and nucleic acids. We also examined olivine and pyroxene in martian meteorites, some of which experienced preterrestrial aqueous alteration. Some olivines and pyroxenes in the martian meteorite Nakhla were found to contain tunnels that are similar in size and shape to tunnels in terrestrial iron-magnesium silicates that contain nucleic acids. Though the tunnels found in Nakhla are similar to the biosignatures found in terrestrial minerals, their presence cannot be used to prove that the martian alteration features had a biogenic origin. The abundance and wide distribution of olivine and pyroxene on Earth and in the Solar System make bioweathering features in these minerals potentially important new biosignatures that may play a significant role in evaluating whether life ever existed on Mars.     

喷雾液滴速度分布的实验研究

采用激光全息测量技术对两种压力式喷嘴的喷雾液滴速度进行了测量。实验中测量了喷雾场不同区域的液滴速度分布。实验结果表明:不同工况下, 喷雾初始区中某一种尺寸液滴的速度和运动角度并不相同, 而是具有一定的速度、角度分布范围, 其取值呈现一定的随机性;在不同轴向位置处, 相应于本文的实验工况, 液滴运动速度和运动角度均随轴向距离的增加而减小, 但对于不同的尺寸, 运动参数的变化程度又有所不同。      

激光准直技术综述

本文概述了我国、英、美、联邦德国和苏联等国的激光准直技术的研究情况,针对目前激光准直仪存在的主要问题,介绍了国内外各种新的准直方法。这些方法都从不同的角度提高了激光准直仪的精度。在此基础上,本文还分析了激光准直技术研究的发展方向及其应用前景。     

畸变进气压气机特性与气动稳定性的改进模拟技术及其实验研究

建立了预测畸变进气压气机特性与气动稳定性的改进多子区平行压气机模型。为了检验该模型的准确性, 进行了均匀及180°畸变进气下单级压气机特性与气动稳定性的实验研究。以实测的均匀进气单级压气机特性为基础, 应用改进的多子区平行压气机模型, 在与进气畸变实验完全相同的条件下, 对畸变进气单级压气机等转速线及其不稳定工作点进行了预测, 预测与实验吻合良好, 证明该模型是有效的。      

进气畸变下涡喷发动机转子间的气动耦合及稳定性分析

应用本文作者建立的改进多子区平行压气机模型, 对进气畸变下双转子涡喷发动机的实际工况进行了仿真, 得到了发动机各截面的总温、总压以及工作过程参数与性能参数等随低压转子相对折合转速nCOY, L的变化规律。特别是能从表征高、低压压气机气动稳定性的参数随nCOY, L的变化规律中看出双转子发动机的稳定工作范围。分析表明仿真结果与进气畸变下整机台架试验的参数变化规律相符。该仿真模型可作为发动机辅助设计与试验以及进气道/发动机相容性评定的有利工具。      

基于自由尾迹法的小翼形状对风机气动性能影响分析

基于(势流)涡方法开发了水平轴风力机叶片气动性能分析程序,采用自由尾迹模型对增加O型小翼和L型小翼后的叶片气动设计性能进行分析,计算了风力机设计工况下的涡位置及诱导速度分布等气动性能参数,对比了增加小翼后功率输出情况。结果表明,增加小翼后风力机叶片在设计工况下功率系数有明显增加,下风向小翼功率提升高于上风向小翼。     

Potential climatic impact of organic haze on early Earth

We have explored the direct and indirect radiative effects on climate of organic particles likely to have been present on early Earth by measuring their hygroscopicity and cloud nucleating ability. The early Earth analog aerosol particles were generated via ultraviolet photolysis of an early Earth analog gas mixture, which was designed to mimic possible atmospheric conditions before the rise of oxygen. An analog aerosol for the present-day atmosphere of Saturn's moon Titan was tested for comparison. We exposed the early Earth aerosol to a range of relative humidities (RHs). Water uptake onto the aerosol was observed to occur over the entire RH range tested (RH=80-87%). To translate our measurements of hygroscopicity over a specific range of RHs into their water uptake ability at any RH < 100% and into their ability to act as cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) at RH > 100%, we relied on the hygroscopicity parameter κ, developed by Petters and Kreidenweis. We retrieved κ=0.22?±0.12 for the early Earth aerosol, which indicates that the humidified aerosol (RH < 100 %) could have contributed to a larger antigreenhouse effect on the early Earth atmosphere than previously modeled with dry aerosol. Such effects would have been of significance in regions where the humidity was larger than 50%, because such high humidities are needed for significant amounts of water to be on the aerosol. Additionally, Earth organic aerosol particles could have activated into CCN at reasonable-and even low-water-vapor supersaturations (RH > 100%). In regions where the haze was dominant, it is expected that low particle concentrations, once activated into cloud droplets, would have created short-lived, optically thin clouds. Such clouds, if predominant on early Earth, would have had a lower albedo than clouds today, thereby warming the planet relative to current-day clouds.     

The Skylab sleep monitoring experiment: methodology and initial results

The sleep monitoring experiment permitted an objective evaluation of sleep characteristics during the first two manned Skylab flights. Hardware located onboard the spacecraft accomplished data acquisition, analysis, and preservation, thereby permitting near-real-time evaluation of sleep during the flights and more detailed postmission analysis. The crewman studied during the 28-Day Mission showed some decrease in total sleep time an increase in the percentage of Stage 4 sleep, while the subject in the 59-Day Mission exhibited little change in total sleep time and a small decrease in Stage 4 and REM sleep. Some disruption of sleep characteristics was seen in the final days of both missions, and both subjects exhibited decreases in REM-onset latency in the immediate postflight period. The relatively minor changes seen were not of the type nor magnitude which might be expected to be associated with significant degradation of performance capability.