捷联惯导系统的圆锥误差补偿算法研究

非互易向量的确定与补偿是影响高动态、恶劣振动环境下捷联惯性导航系统姿态矩阵计算的重要问题。为了补偿由此引起的圆锥误差，本文对一些传统算法进行了分析和研究。由于以往各种算法一般都需要输入信息为角度信息，但对于高动态、恶劣振动环境，角速度信息更有工程意义，所以针对输入信息为角速度的情形，提出了一类新的姿态算法，通过对比传统的算法，新算法在同样计算量、存储量的情况下有较优的性能，算法的精度较传统的算法高。另外，对新的姿态算法进行了误差分析．为其参数选择提供了选择标准，有工程实用价值。     

Aqueous corrosion of phosphide minerals from iron meteorites: a highly reactive source of prebiotic phosphorus on the surface of the early Earth

We present the results of an experimental study of aqueous corrosion of Fe-phosphide under conditions relevant to the early Earth. The results strongly suggest that iron meteorites were an important source of reactive phosphorus (P), a requirement for the formation of P-based life. We further demonstrate that iron meteorites were an abundant source of phosphide minerals early in Earth history. Phosphide corrosion was studied in five different solutions: deionized water, deionized water buffered with sodium bicarbonate, deionized water with dissolved magnesium and calcium chlorides, deionized water containing ethanol and acetic acid, and deionized water containing the chlorides, ethanol, and acetic acid. Experiments were performed in the presence of both air and pure Ar gas to evaluate the effect of atmospheric chemistry. Phosphide corrosion in deionized water results in a metastable mixture of mixed-valence, P-bearing ions including pyrophosphate and triphosphate, key components for metabolism in modern life. In a pH-buffered solution of NaHCO(3), the condensed and reduced species diphosphonate is an abundant corrosion product. Corrosion in ethanol- and acetic acid-containing solutions yields additional P-bearing organic molecules, including acetyl phosphonate and a cyclic triphosphorus molecule. Phosphonate is a major corrosion product of all experiments and is the only P-bearing molecule that persists in solutions with high concentrations of magnesium and calcium chlorides, which suggests that phosphonate may have been a primitive oceanic source of P. The stability and reactivity of phosphonate and hypophosphite in solution were investigated to elucidate reaction mechanisms and the role of mineral catalysts on P-solution chemistry. Phosphonate oxidation is rapid in the presence of Fe metal but negligible in the presence of magnetite and in the control sample. The rate of hypophosphite oxidation is independent of reaction substrate.     

不同晶粒形状材料力学性能的研究

采用有限元的方法来模拟纳米压痕实验的加、卸载过程,采用的是简化的二维模型,有限元模型考虑了纳米压痕的标准Berkovich压头,介绍了有限元模型的几何参数、边界条件、材料特性与加载方式。从所得到的载荷与压入深度的关系曲线,以及由此计算而得到的硬度-位移曲线等为依据,对在纳米压痕测试过程中,不同的晶粒截面形状以及截面面积对整体材料的力学性能的影响进行了分析讨论。研究表明,在晶粒截面面积相等的情况下,当纳米压痕实验压入相同的深度时,晶粒的截面形状为矩形的材料的硬度高于晶粒的截面形状为三角形的材料的硬度,而且,当晶粒的截面形状相同的情况下,整体材料的硬度与晶粒截面面积存在一种近似的正比例关系。这种研究结果说明,即使在材料相同的情况下,如果晶粒的截面形状不同,由于力学传递关系的不同,仍然能够使得薄膜具有不同的宏观力学性能。     

固体火箭冲压发动机地面试验装置及测控系统

介绍了固体火箭冲压发动机地面实验装置及测控系统组成，功能、技术指标和可以开展的研究工作。     

固体推进剂发动机的比冲予示

实际比冲的理论予示方法大家是比较熟悉的.这些方法包括计算由于两相流、扩散、边界层、动能、喷管潜入和不完全燃烧造成的损失。在典型的加铝推进剂中最大的计算损失是两相流损失;由于粒子的大小和分布是不能精确知道的,因此这种计算也就具有最大的不精确性.本文中把由试验数据获得的平均粒子直径与喉径的关系用在固体火箭性能予示程序(SPP)方面,以便予示一系列发动机的推进剂比冲。这些予示与试验结果进行比较。结果指出比冲效率可认为与推进剂的本质有关.此外,试验比冲和比冲效率对发动机和推进剂变量是统计地相关的。这些相关性与较复杂的、较昂贵的理论分析一样准确.除比冲予示外,相关方程在发动机设计最佳化中是有用的。     

A sulfur-based survival strategy for putative phototrophic life in the venusian atmosphere

Several observations indicate that the cloud deck of the venusian atmosphere may provide a plausible refuge for microbial life. Having originated in a hot proto-ocean or been brought in by meteorites from Earth (or Mars), early life on Venus could have adapted to a dry, acidic atmospheric niche as the warming planet lost its oceans. The greatest obstacle for the survival of any organism in this niche may be high doses of ultraviolet (UV) radiation. Here we make the argument that such an organism may utilize sulfur allotropes present in the venusian atmosphere, particularly S(8), as a UV sunscreen, as an energy-converting pigment, or as a means for converting UV light to lower frequencies that can be used for photosynthesis. Thus, life could exist today in the clouds of Venus.     

Production of neutrons from interactions of GCR-like particles

In order to help assess the risk to astronauts due to the long-term exposure to the natural radiation environment in space, an understanding of how the primary radiation field is changed when passing through shielding and tissue materials must be obtained. One important aspect of the change in the primary radiation field after passing through shielding materials is the production of secondary particles from the breakup of the primary. Neutrons are an important component of the secondary particle field due to their relatively high biological weighting factors, and due to their relative abundance, especially behind thick shielding scenarios. Because of the complexity of the problem, the estimation of the risk from exposure to the secondary neutron field must be handled using calculational techniques. However, those calculations will need an extensive set of neutron cross section and thicktarget neutron yield data in order to make an accurate assessment of the risk. In this paper we briefly survey the existing neutron-production data sets that are applicable to the space radiation transport problem, and we point out how neutron production from protons is different than neutron production from heavy ions. We also make comparisons of one the heavy-ion data sets with Boltzmann-Uehling-Uhlenbeck (BUU) calculations.     

遥感与考古

空间遥感考古是发展很快的研究领域，现在世界各国正兴起空间遥感考古热潮。文中简要介绍了我国空间遥感考古的发展现状和科研成果。     

启动软件重用库工程 推进航天型号软件标准化

概述了国际上软件重用技术的发展和应用状况,阐明了软件重用技术是提高软件质量特性的有效措施,也是推进航天型号软件开发、应用工程化和标准化的重要技术基础工作,并系统地论述了建设航天软件重用库的必要性、迫切性和可行性,初步提出了航天软件重用库工程的实施建议。     

红外隐身技术发展综述

红外隐身技术发展综述中国三江航天集团公司刘世良６０年代以来，红外非成像和成像技术取得了突破性进展，各种具有很高探测精度、分辨率的红外探测和遥感设备相继出现。目前，世界上已服役的各种类型的红外制导导弹多达７０余种，红外跟踪设备已成为当代防空武器最有效的...