一种新的水平搜索共用孔径雷达方案

主要探讨舰船防御的水平搜索问题。该提议要求把阵列安置在船甲板上，通过在位于高桅杆上的多个轻型频率选择表面（FSS）使产生的功率射向水平方向，接收阵列由工作在3：1频率范围内布了宽带天线阵元的圆形阵组成，发射阵列是一种线性阵元阵列，各阵元后面是大功率微波功率模块（MPM），该方案满足水平搜索要求。     

Long-term manipulations of intact microbial mat communities in a greenhouse collaboratory: simulating earth's present and past field environments

Photosynthetic microbial mat communities were obtained from marine hypersaline saltern ponds, maintained in a greenhouse facility, and examined for the effects of salinity variations. Because these microbial mats are considered to be useful analogs of ancient marine communities, they offer insights about evolutionary events during the >3 billion year time interval wherein mats co-evolved with Earth's lithosphere and atmosphere. Although photosynthetic mats can be highly dynamic and exhibit extremely high activity, the mats in the present study have been maintained for >1 year with relatively minor changes. The major groups of microorganisms, as assayed using microscopic, genetic, and biomarker methodologies, are essentially the same as those in the original field samples. Field and greenhouse mats were similar with respect to rates of exchange of oxygen and dissolved inorganic carbon across the mat-water interface, both during the day and at night. Field and greenhouse mats exhibited similar rates of efflux of methane and hydrogen. Manipulations of salinity in the water overlying the mats produced changes in the community that strongly resemble those observed in the field. A collaboratory testbed and an array of automated features are being developed to support remote scientific experimentation with the assistance of intelligent software agents. This facility will permit teams of investigators the opportunity to explore ancient environmental conditions that are rare or absent today but that might have influenced the early evolution of these photosynthetic ecosystems.     

Proposal for a new radiation dose control system for future manned space flights

Radiation risk on a future long-duration manned space mission appears to be one of the basic factors in planning and designing the mission. Since 1988 different active dosimetric investigations has been performed on board the MIR space station by the Bulgarian-Russian dosimeter-radiometer LIULIN and French tissue-equivalent proportional counters CIRCE and NAUSICAA. A joint French-Bulgarian-Russian dosimetry experiment and the dosimetry-radiometry system RADIUS-MD have been developed for the future MARS-96 mission. On the base of the results and experience of these investigations a conception for a new radiation dose control system for the future orbital stations, lunar bases and interplanetary space ships is proposed. The proposed system which consists of different instruments will allow personal radiation control for crew members, radiation monitoring inside and outside each habitat, analysis and forecasting of the situation and will suggest procedures to minimize the radiation risk.     

Technical evolutions of the French multipurpose instruments for Cognitive Neurosciences

Since the first French flight in space in 1982, the CNES has developed a wide range of instruments, especially in the field of Neurosciences. The design of these instruments has considerably evolved from rather simple equipment up to much more sophisticated tools that are being specially tailored for these missions. Four major phases can be identified: -a simple adaptation of an echographe leading to the first neurosciences experiments (the ARAGATZ'88 mission), -the ILLUSIONS and VIMINAL instruments used during the ANTARES'92 and ALTAIR'93 missions, -the COGNILAB instrument developed for the CASSIOPEE'96 mission, to be re-used in 1997 and in 1999, -a preliminary design of the 1999 mission payload, including virtual reality concepts, in a modular design to adapt to the European COF. Aside from the evolution of scientific requirements, the experience gained during the flights led to progressive improvements in the different technical parts, including visual system, body restraint systems, accessories, such as a force feedback joystick, computer and software, etc. This paper describes the technical evolutions in the CNES Neurosciences program.     

EURONAV~(TM)—现代化军用GPS接收机

Magnavox 公司已研制了两通道和五通道 EURONAV~(TM)GPS军用接收机,这两型接收机除了提供基本的 GPS 导航功能外,还具有许多特点。这两种接收机提供高性能,选择可用性(SA)/抗电子欺骗,高抗干扰的 GPS 能力,在设计中运用了 Magnavox 公司20年来在设计和制造军用 GPS 方面的经验。使用先进的元器件,Magnavox 已能把五通道 GPS 接收机的尺寸从 GPS 第二阶段经过鉴定的3/4ATR 降到3/8ATR,重量和功耗也相应降低。且满足中、高动态飞机 SS-US-200指标要求。EURONAV~(TM)接收机有与多种主飞行器兼容的接口,这些接收机提供下列接口:精密时间、输出高精度测时数据的时间间隔接口;Haveguick;MIL-STD-1553B;用于连接惯导和数字飞行仪器的双通道低或高速 ARINC429;用于控制显示或用作扩口的 RS-422串行接口;供测试设备(ICD-GPS-204A)用的另一个 RS-422串行接口和用于辅助 GPS 的高度表(AAU-32)输入(接口)。EURONAV~(TM)接收机的标准部件包括安全模块、接收机自动初始化的低功率时间源、电池供电的不掉电 RAM、航路点存贮器、ARINC 或电路接头以及不需要修改硬件或软件就可适用于多种平台的带有选择开关的分立结构。     

Cardiovascular deconditioning during weightlessness simulation and the use of lower body negative pressure as a countermeasure to orthostatic intolerance

The cardiovascular function is one of the main disturbed by weightlessness: it is particularly affected by the astronaut's return to Earth, where symptoms linked to the cardiovascular deconditioning syndrom appear in the following forms: (1) orthostatic intolerance with its risk of syncope: (2) higher submaximal oxygen consumption for an equivalent work load. Lower Body Negative Pressure (LBNP) is intended to stimulate the venous system of the lower limbs; however, the specific effects of periodical LBNP sessions on the orthostatic intolerance have never been studied. With this objective in mind, 5 volunteers took part in two recent antiorthostatic bedrest experiments for 30 days. In the first experiment 3 subjects were submitted to several sessions of LBNP experiment per day and 2 others were controls; in the second experiment the LBNP group of the 1st one became controls and vice-versa. Two orthostatic investigations were performed: (1) 5 days before the bedrest; (2) at the end of the 30 day bedrest period. The results showed: (1) when the subjects were control, a high orthostatic intolerance post bedrest with 3 syncopes and one presyncopal state during the first minutes of the tilt test; (2) when the subjects were submitted to LBNP sessions, no orthostatic intolerance.     

碳纤维环氧压力容器封头加强研究

本文提出用环向缠绕的复合材料垫片对封头进行局部加强,使发动机在圆筒段的螺旋/环向设计应力比提高,最大限度地降低螺旋层材料重量,使压力容器的PV/W值达到最大。本文对最佳封头垫片的加强技术进行了研究和验证。利用试验容器和有限元模型,比较了封头加强的许多方法,得到了最能提高封头强度的加强形式。试验表明,采用这些加强方法封头强度可比未加强的提高17％,而重量增加极小。     

传感器融合的统计集群分析法

传感器融合(SF)问题需要考虑的是，利用从多个独立传感器接收到的目标位置测量值来估计目标的数量和位置。采用集群分析法来解决这种问题。在集群分析问题中，我们应用多假设测试技术，并已开发出判断规则，它可确保产生虚假目标的概率小于假定概率，同时采用更精确的测量值可降低遗漏已存在目标的可能性，还可获得目标位置估计值。已经研究出了实现以上判定规则的计算方法。     

东瀛铁骑——迈入新世纪的陆自队装甲车辆

根据日本宪法第九条规定，日本永远放弃作为主权国家所拥有的宣战及威胁使用武力权力，不过，这并不代表日本放弃集团自卫权的行使。由于近年来东北亚局势诡谲多变，特别是朝鲜不审船（身份不明船只）入侵领海和在日本国内接二连三的渗透事件更是让向来对防卫事务接近漠不关心的日本国内舆论大为震惊。为了因应冷战结束后的作战态势，日本陆上自卫队近年来引进了许多新装备，而在2003年的“富士总合火力演习”中也有不少装备公开亮相，展现陆上自卫队面对未来挑战的不同走向和思考。     

采用二极管检波器的双六端口网络分析仪

介绍了一种采用二极管检波器的双六端口网络分析仪的性能,这种网络分析仪在2—18GHz频带内采用商品低势垒肖特基二极管。本文描述了校准偏离平方律特性的二极管的方法。给出的测量结果,揭示了六端口网络分析仪测量单端口和二端口器件的准确度和精密度。