TC17 合金焊接接头显微组织与疲劳裂纹扩展特性

研究了TC17钛合金惯性摩擦焊焊接接头的疲劳裂纹扩展规律,并利用光学显微镜、扫描电镜对材料的显微组织和断口形貌进行分析。结果表明:TC17钛合金母材为α+β网篮状组织,晶粒较大;焊缝区和热影响区内可以看到明显的原β相晶界,焊缝区的原β晶粒较细小,热影响区的原β晶粒较粗大,晶粒内部存在细小的α相。在室温下,当ΔK≤15 MPa.m1/2时,焊缝区疲劳裂纹扩展速率较小,而当ΔK≥15 MPa.m1/2时,焊缝区的扩展速率最大,其次是热影响区,母材的裂纹扩展速率最小;在高温下,焊接接头各部位的裂纹扩展速率相差不大,均小于室温。     

The Magnetic Field of Mercury

The magnetic field strength of Mercury at the planet’s surface is approximately 1% that of Earth’s surface field. This comparatively low field strength presents a number of challenges, both theoretically to understand how it is generated and observationally to distinguish the internal field from that due to the solar wind interaction. Conversely, the small field also means that Mercury offers an important opportunity to advance our understanding both of planetary magnetic field generation and magnetosphere-solar wind interactions. The observations from the Mariner 10 magnetometer in 1974 and 1975, and the MESSENGER Magnetometer and plasma instruments during the probe’s first two flybys of Mercury on 14 January and 6 October 2008, provide the basis for our current knowledge of the internal field. The external field arising from the interaction of the magnetosphere with the solar wind is more prominent near Mercury than for any other magnetized planet in the Solar System, and particular attention is therefore paid to indications in the observations of deficiencies in our understanding of the external field. The second MESSENGER flyby occurred over the opposite hemisphere from the other flybys, and these newest data constrain the tilt of the planetary moment from the planet’s spin axis to be less than 5°. Considered as a dipole field, the moment is in the range 240 to 270 nT-R _M ³ , where R _M is Mercury’s radius. Multipole solutions for the planetary field yield a smaller dipole term, 180 to 220 nT-R _M ³ , and higher-order terms that together yield an equatorial surface field from 250 to 290 nT. From the spatial distribution of the fit residuals, the equatorial data are seen to reflect a weaker northward field and a strongly radial field, neither of which can be explained by a centered-dipole matched to the field measured near the pole by Mariner 10. This disparity is a major factor controlling the higher-order terms in the multipole solutions. The residuals are not largest close to the planet, and when considered in magnetospheric coordinates the residuals indicate the presence of a cross-tail current extending to within 0.5R _M altitude on the nightside. A near-tail current with a density of 0.1 μA/m² could account for the low field intensities recorded near the equator. In addition, the MESSENGER flybys include the first plasma observations from Mercury and demonstrate that solar wind plasma is present at low altitudes, below 500 km. Although we can be confident in the dipole-only moment estimates, the data in hand remain subject to ambiguities for distinguishing internal from external contributions. The anticipated observations from orbit at Mercury, first from MESSENGER beginning in March 2011 and later from the dual-spacecraft BepiColombo mission, will be essential to elucidate the higher-order structure in the magnetic field of Mercury that will reveal the telltale signatures of the physics responsible for its generation.     

一种容腔效应标定技术及其在高频响动态探针中的应用

介绍一种容腔效应标定方法,以理论模型推导与实验验证相结合的方式,完成了对高频响动态探针的动态标定,并通过ARMAX(自动回归滑动平均)模型辨识得到了容腔的传递函数.结果表明该方法简单可行,能够很好地通过探针的动态响应信号来确定探针容腔的传递函数,从而确定测量信号和真实信号之间的关系,对今后考虑容腔效应的动态标定提供了参考.      

反馈结构RLF补偿器在抑制Ⅱ型PIO中的应用研究

现代电传飞行控制系统中由于作动器速率饱和产生的突然的附加相位滞后以及系统操纵增益的降低,是触发Ⅱ型PIO的主要原因,对此通常采用相位补偿的方法进行抑制。为研究补偿器的抑制效能,建立了非线性的人机闭环系统模型。在分析基于反馈结构的RLF补偿器频域特性及其相位补偿能力的基础上,采用离散俯仰跟踪任务与正弦跟踪任务在时域内仿真研究了补偿器对Ⅱ型PIO的抑制效能。仿真结果表明,RLF补偿器可以有效抑制Ⅱ型PIO,经地面飞行模拟器进一步验证,表明补偿器明显改善了飞机飞行品质,可以用于Ⅱ型PIO的抑制。     

异种金属材料磁脉冲焊接技术

通过对磁脉冲焊接技术结合机理的阐述,采用5A03Al-5A06Al、1050Al-AZ31Mg异种金属材料进行焊接试验.对所得的焊接接头进行气密性试验和剥离试验,检测其结合质量;结合光学显微镜,对比分析Al-Al、Al-Mg焊接接头的微观形貌特点;并采用SEM/EDS分析界面附近的元素分布;最后通过硬度试验,检测接头界...     

脉冲爆震火箭发动机和小推力液体火箭发动机的性能对比分析

为了了解脉冲爆震火箭发动机的性能优势,对比了脉冲爆震火箭发动机和小推力液体火箭发动机的推力和比冲,其中脉冲爆震火箭发动机的性能计算采用等容循环计算模型.结果表明:真空状态下,随燃烧室进口温度的升高,比冲增加不大;在推进剂和发动机结构尺寸相同的情况下,脉冲爆震火箭发动机产生的推力比小推力液体火箭发动机的多3.0倍至6.8倍,但比冲相当.     

仿真技术在飞机起落架可靠性分析中的应用研究

起落架所承受的动载荷较大,造成系统工作环境复杂,出现故障较多,因此对起落架系统可靠性的研究显得迫切和重要。以三维辅助建模软件CATIA、有限元分析软件NASTRAN、多体动力学分析软件LMS Virtual．Lab和液压控制仿真软件AMESim等为工具,采用自动仿真求解策略针对某起落架典型失效模式进行仿真分析,得到仿真...     

三维全五向编织复合材料的细观结构分析

基于三维全五向矩形编织工艺的携纱器运动规律,系统研究了三维全五向编织复合材料的纱线空间运动方式、纱线间交织结构形态,建立了三维全五向编织结构各区域的单胞几何模型,推导了编织角等工艺参数与各单胞结构参数间的数学关系,计算了纤维体积分数的预测值,并与实测值相比误差较小,表明所建模型较为合理、准确.     

热氧、湿热和热水老化对T300/ BHEP 复合材料玻璃化转变温度的影响

通过对碳纤维/环氧复合材料(T300/BHEP)进行热氧、湿热和热水老化研究,得到了材料的质量变化率和Tg随老化条件的演变规律,分析了老化机理.结果表明:T300/BHEP复合材料在热氧老化条件下,因后固化和自由体积收缩,Tg升高;在湿热和热水老化条件下,因水分塑化作用和水对分子链间氢键的破坏,Tg降低.三种老化条件下,Tg与质量变化率均呈线性关系.对比80℃热氧、80℃/RH75%湿热和80℃热水老化条件下的结果,发现水分的塑化作用对Tg的影响要大于因热的作用产生的后固化,且湿度越大,Tg降低越明显.     

泡沫夹层结构复合材料准静态压痕实验

研究了两种芯材高度的泡沫夹层结构复合材料在准静态压痕力下的损伤过程与形式,通过控制压头位移得到位移与接触力的关系曲线以及不同位移下的损伤形貌,比较了两种芯材的损伤过程.结果表明:损伤过程为泡沫塌陷、泡沫芯材出现裂纹、夹层板上蒙皮分层和芯材与下蒙皮脱粘;损伤形式为:厚芯材时裂纹与泡沫厚度方向成±45.,薄芯材时裂纹与泡沫厚度方向成90°.