宽温域连续润滑的Ni3 Al 基自润滑复合材料

报道了一种从室温到1 000℃能够连续润滑的Ni3Al基自润滑复合材料.该材料选用高温强度和抗氧化性优异的Ni3Al金属间化合物为基体材料,利用多种高、低温固体润滑剂的复合和协同效应实现了宽温域连续润滑.本文介绍了利用真空热压烧结方法制备该自润滑复合材料的简要过程,研究了材料的高温力学性能,并在球盘式高温摩擦试验机(HT-1000型)和销盘式高速摩擦试验机上分别测试了不同温度和转速下Ni3Al基自润滑复合材料的摩擦磨损性能.结果表明,材料在1 000℃时具有优异的力学性能(压缩强度40～45 MPa)和自润滑性能(摩擦因数0.28 ～0.25),在高载和高速条件下具有稳定的更低的摩擦因数.     

Lithium Abundance in Pop.II Stars A post-HIPPARCOS discussion

The relation between the lithium abundance observed in Population II stars and the primordial abundance, is still an open question (see Cayrel and Duncan, this meeting). A few recent results are discussed. HIPPARCOS data show that the standard model of stellar evolution can explain the 6Li detection in HD 84937, suggesting a negligible depletion of 7Li. A slope in the Li/Teff relation for Pop II dwarfs and a spread of their Li abundance have been advocated, and both used as arguments in favor of Li depletion. The slope is not confirmed when two other independent temperature scales are used. The Li scatter around the plateau is hardly larger than the scatter predicted from determination errors. Hints from a scatter of Li in subgiants of the globular cluster M92 are not completely conclusive. The determination of more accurate Li abundances in the Pop II stars is an urgent but difficult task, requiring better model atmosphere (better convection treatment) and the help of observational data about Pop II stars (such as long base interferometry).     

Ceramic ChemCam Calibration Targets on Mars Science Laboratory

The ChemCam instrument on the Mars Science Laboratory rover Curiosity will use laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) to analyze major and minor element chemistry from sub-millimeter spot sizes, at ranges of ～1.5–7?m. To interpret the emission spectra obtained, ten calibration standards will be carried on the rover deck. Graphite, Ti?metal, and four glasses of igneous composition provide primary, homogeneous calibration targets for the laser. Four granular ceramic targets have been added to provide compositions closer to soils and sedimentary materials like those expected at the Gale Crater field site on Mars. Components used in making these ceramics include basalt, evaporite, and phyllosilicate materials that approximate the chemical compositions of detrital and authigenic constituents of clastic and evaporite sediments, including the elevated sulfate contents present in many Mars sediments and soils. Powdered components were sintered at low temperature (800?°C) with a small amount (9?wt.%) of lithium tetraborate flux to produce ceramics that retain volatile sulfur yet are durable enough for the mission. The ceramic targets are more heterogeneous than the pure element and homogenous glass standards but they provide standards with compositions more similar to the sedimentary rocks that will be Curiosity’s prime targets at Gale Crater.     

Relativistic Reconnection and Particle Acceleration

This chapter mainly deals with magnetic reconnection and particle acceleration in relativistic astrophysical plasmas, where the temperature of the current sheet exceeds the rest mass energy and the Alfvén velocity is close to the speed of light. Magnetic reconnection now receives a great deal of interest for its role in many astrophysical systems such as pulsars, magnetars, galaxy clusters, and active galactic nucleus jets. We review recent advances that emphasize the roles of reconnection in high-energy astrophysical phenomena.     

Galileo Probe Measurements of D/H and 3He/4He in Jupiter's Atmosphere

The Galileo Probe Mass Spectrometer measurements in the atmosphere of Jupiter give D/H = (2.6 ± 0.7) × 10-5 3He/4He = (1.66 ± 0.05) × 10-4These ratios supercede earlier results by Niemann et al. (1996) and are based on a reevaluation of the instrument response at high count rates and a more detailed study of the contributions of different species to the mass peak at 3 amu. The D/H ratio is consistent with Voyager and ground based data and recent spectroscopic and solar wind (SW) values obtained from the Infrared Spectroscopic Observatory (ISO) and Ulysses. The 3He/4He ratio is higher than that found in meteoritic gases (1.5 ± 0.3) × 10-4. The Galileo result for D/H when compared with that for hydrogen in the local interstellar medium (1.6 ± 0.12) × 10-5 implies a small decrease in D/H in this part of the universe during the past 4.55 billion years. Thus, it tends to support small values of primordial D/H - in the range of several times 10-5 rather than several times 10-4. These results are also quite consistent with no change in (D+3He)/H during the past 4.55 billion years in this part of our galaxy.     

固体火箭发动机碳基材料喷管热化学烧蚀特性

为了准确预示固体火箭发动机碳基材料喷管的烧蚀率,依据热化学烧蚀理论,建立了喷管传热烧蚀的二维轴对称气-固-热耦合计算模型,计算通过FLUENT壁面化学反应模型完成,无需事先假设烧蚀控制机制。针对70-lb BATES发动机喷管进行了烧蚀计算,研究了推进剂配方、氧化性组分、燃烧室压强对喷管烧蚀的影响。结果表明:烧蚀率计算值与试验测试值吻合较好;烧蚀率分布遵循喷管内壁热流密度分布规律,在喉部上游入口处达到峰值;烧蚀率随推进剂Al含量增加而降低,随燃烧室压强升高而近似正比例增大;H2O是决定烧蚀的主要氧化性组分。     

多喷管射流气动声学特性的数值研究

采用大涡模拟结合动力Smagorinsky亚格子模型对四喷管超声速高温射流进行了三维非稳态数值模拟。基于非稳态计算的结果,利用FW-H面积分方法对四喷管射流远场的声学特性进行计算,并将结果与单喷管得到的结果进行对比。结果表明,多喷管射流形成了复杂的流场,其产生的气动声场并不仅仅是单喷管简单的叠加,由于四股射流之间的相互影响使得声场也产生了新的特点,不但表现在总声压级数值上,还对改变了射流噪声辐射的指向性,最大声压级的位置由原来的50°左右变化到30°。     

基于自适应混合高斯模型的运动目标检测

随着智能视频监控应用领域的不断拓展,为了在各种复杂场景下都能快速稳定地检测出运动目标,众多研究者提出了很多解决方法。鉴于背景减除法自身在算法理论的复杂度小,且对不同场景适应性强的优点,成为运动目标检测研究领域的基础方法。而在背景减除法的各种背景建模方法中,混合高斯模型方法以其适应性强、灵活高效的优点成为该领域的经典方法。详细介绍了背景更新机制中常用的混合高斯模型,并据此研究了基于自适应更新率的高斯背景建模方法,经过对比试验,论证了改进方法在建模速度上的大幅度提升。     

氟聚物基含能反应材料研究进展

对氟聚物基含能反应材料进行了概述,介绍了反应材料的组分、结构特点以及制备关键技术,并对反应材料各项性能指标进行了综述,对氟聚物基反应材料的应用现状和前景进行了归纳和展望.     

催化点火气氢气氧推力器试验研究

为探索催化点火气氢气氧推力器的点火规律和相关性能,设计并搭建了1N催化点火气氢气氧推力器试验系统,进行了冷热试试验。试验成功实现了不同工况下的多次催化点火。结果表明:供给氧氢混合比控制在100时,推力器预燃室产生的点火温度为700℃,能够满足燃烧室点火要求;催化剂面积体积比对催化氢氧点火具有决定性影响,采用面积体积比大的催化载体可以实现常温(8℃)下的催化点火;另外,试验中氢氧燃烧产生的高温和试验结束后推力器内残留的液态水也对催化组件提出了一定的耐温性和防水性要求。