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811.
812.
M. Griffis J.S. Nisbet E. Bleuler 《Advances in Space Research (includes Cospar's Information Bulletin, Space Research Today)》1981,1(12):27-30
Simultaneous measurements taken by instruments on the Atmosphere Explorer - C satellite were used to compare electron and proton particle energy deposition, Joule heating, and neutral density perturbations in the region of the cusp.Altitude profiles of Joule heating, electron energy deposition, and electron density are derived using measurements taken by the satellite as input to a computer model. Electric fields are calculated using ion drift measurements. Figures are presented for a representative orbital pass.A peak Joule heating rate of 0.059 Wm?2 occurred in the cusp region with a peak of 0.025 Wm?2 in the evening auroral electrojet. Peak volume heating rates corresponding to these regions were 1.4 × 10?6Wm?3 and 7.10?7 Wm?3, both occurring at an altitude of 115 km. Particle energy deposition was about an order of magnitude less than Joule heating. Large neutral density perturbations are related to regions of heating. 相似文献
813.
Rockah Y. Messer H. Schultheiss P.M. 《IEEE transactions on aerospace and electronic systems》1988,24(4):402-410
The passive localisation of radiating sources using an array subject to random perturbations in sensor phases is presented. All source signals as well as additive noises observed at the sensors are assumed to be independent identically distributed zero-mean Gaussian random processes. Cramer-Rao bounds are derived for source bearings and ranges for the phase errors at each sensor. It is shown that accurate phase calibration can be achieved when the number of sources exceeds a certain minimum. The locations of the calibrating sources need not be known a priori and need only satisfy mild regularity conditions. A calibration procedure is proposed which uses maximum-likelihood techniques 相似文献
814.
M. A. Azouni W. Kalita 《Advances in Space Research (includes Cospar's Information Bulletin, Space Research Today)》1988,8(12):219-224
The interaction of inert foreign particles and a solid-liquid interface during solidification is considered. The viscous drag on the particle which produces a force on the interface is calculated under general assumptions as well as the disjoining force for small particles and the buoyancy force for large ones. 相似文献
815.
R.J. Bayuzick N.D. Evans W.F. Hofmeister K.R. Johnson M.B. Robinson 《Advances in Space Research (includes Cospar's Information Bulletin, Space Research Today)》1984,4(5):85-90
The 100 meter high drop tube at the Marshall Space Flight Center has proven to be a viable facility for studies of containerless solidification. Advantages are that experiments are inexpensive and large numbers of specimens can be processed rapidly. It would not be unusual to run ten specimens in a day. Another significant advantage is that the undercooling behavior can be followed with sufficient sensitivity to easily detect the onset of recalescence and subsequent events.Disadvantages are the restrictions on specimen sizes and types of alloys that can be run in a microgravity environment. Practical specimen sizes range between 50 mg and 500 mg depending on the type of furnace being used. Refractory alloys can be processed in a vacuum (about 10?5 torr) and therefore at microgravity. Non-refractory alloys demand an atmosphere (about 200 torr) to obtain appreciable undercooling before impact at the bottom of the tube. Under these conditions significant g forces result.Because of the present limitations of the 100 meter drop tube, the most definitive work has been done on niobium based alloys. Large amounts of undercooling have been observed routinely and the effects of undercooling on microstructure have been characterized in detail. X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy have been used to determine types of phases, amounts of phases, and compositions of phases. It is clear, as would be expected, that the results bear some resemblance to rapid solidification processing by quenching. However, there are dissimilarities due to the uniqueness of solidification by deep undercooling without quenching in long drop tubes and accompanying recalescence effects. 相似文献
816.
B.V. Dementjev S.G. Kukin M.N. Markov 《Advances in Space Research (includes Cospar's Information Bulletin, Space Research Today)》1982,2(10):107-110
The radiation spectra of the ionosphere in the 4–5 μm region have been determined from stratospheric balloons by means of the specially elaborated method of the registration of angular and spectral distribution of the radiation. The radiation bands of 4.4 μm and 4.8 μm which have 0.1–0.2 erg cm?2 sr?1s?1. brightness obtained in two flights, are identified with the vibration-rotation transitions of the ion NO+ (0 - 1) and the molecules N14N15 (0 - 1) and CO (0 - 1) and (3 - 2) from altitudes between 120 and 500 km. 相似文献
817.
Mclane P.J. Campbell L.L. Mesiya M.F. 《IEEE transactions on aerospace and electronic systems》1976,(4):519-522
The loss in output signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) due to amplitude limiting is obtained for a radar circuit consisting of a bandpass limiter, coherent demodulator, matched filter, and moving-target-indicator (MTI) filter. The circuit is used in scanning MTI radars. The tandem connection of the limiter and coherent demodulator is a model for the saturation of the intermediate-frequency (IF) demodulator of an MTI radar. Results on special functions are used to obtain simple formulas for the loss in output SNR relative to a linear IF demodulator when the input SNR is less than -15 dB and the number of hits per 3-dB beamwidth exceeds 15. 相似文献
818.
M.J. Rycroft P.S. Cannon T. Turunen 《Advances in Space Research (includes Cospar's Information Bulletin, Space Research Today)》1981,1(2):449-454
ELF and VLF radio signals were recorded in the afternoon to early morning (local time) between 24 March and 4 April 1979, in Northern Scandinavia. Apart from signals of natural origin, timing signals, i.e. six pips of equal duration of 105 ± 8 ms, at 1 kHz ± 0.5 Hz, were observed on the hour UT. Such signals only occur on days of relatively high geomagnetic activity during enhanced auroral electrojet activity. They are believed to be generated by non-linear demodulation (self-detection) of signals from two or more amplitude modulated transmitters in the USSR, operating at 173, 200, 236, 263 and 657 kHz. The simplest explanation for the observations is provided by the three transmitters operating at 173 kHz. 相似文献
819.
M.E. Glicksman R.S. Sokolowski 《Advances in Space Research (includes Cospar's Information Bulletin, Space Research Today)》1983,3(5):129-134
Micro- and macrosegregation, the nonuniform redistribution of solute during solidification, are common to both casting and welding, processes of fundamental importance in materials engineering. In multicomponent crystal growth where solid/liquid density differences are appreciable gravity-induced separation can lead to significant spatial variations in resulting ingot composition. In fact, this phenomenon is also operative in liquid/liquid systems such as monotectic alloys exhibiting a liquid miscibility gap, where buoyancy-driven flows can result in a sometimes unwanted separation of phases upon cooling through the miscibility dome. 相似文献
820.
A new modeling procedure is presented in which a mathematical model for random gyro drift rate is obtained directly from the original observations without requiring any theoretical conjectures or preprocessing of the data. The adequate model so obtained confirms the presence of a random walk component causing the "steady state" drift and a stochastic component of the nature of correlated noise. It also provides a quantitative measure of the relative contribution of each component, useful in determining the quality of the gyro in guidance over extended periods. 相似文献