Role of the ionosphere for the atmospheric evolution of planets

We have synthesized current understanding, mainly observations, with regard to ion escape mechanisms to space from the ionosphere and exosphere of Titan and Earth-type planets, with the intent to provide an improved input for models of atmospheric evolution on early Earth and Earth-type planets and exoplanets. We focus on the role of the ionosphere and its non-linear response to solar parameters, all of which have been underestimated in current models of ancient atmospheric escape (4 billion years ago). Factors that have been overlooked include the following: (1) Much larger variation of O(+) outflow than H(+) outflow from the terrestrial ionosphere, depending on solar and geomagnetic activities (an important consideration when attempting to determine the oxidized state of the atmosphere of early Earth); (2) magnetization of the ionopause, which keeps ionospheric ions from escaping and controls many other escape processes; (3) extra ionization by, for example, the critical ionization velocity mechanism, which expands the ionosphere to greater altitudes than current models predict; and (4) the large escape of cold ions from the dense, expanded ionosphere of Titan. Here we offer, as a guideline for quantitative simulations, a qualitative diagnosis of increases or decreases of non-thermal escape related to the ionosphere for magnetized and unmagnetized planets in response to changes in solar parameters (i.e., solar EUV/FUV flux, solar wind dynamic pressure, and interplanetary magnetic field).     

用伺服控制系统改善无源原子频率标准的振动性能

把尺寸小、予热快和功耗低的铷气泡频率标准用作现时和近期战术频率标准看来是最好的选择,但它在振动环境下的性能尚有待改进。在铷频率标准中可以观察到振动引起的频率不稳定现象。本文要说明的是把压控晶体振荡器(VCXO)的频率紧密地伺服控制在原子谐振基准频率上的方法,来改善铷频率标准的振动性能。对有关机械化的技术问题作了简短的讨论,给出了伺服系统带宽约为100Hz的铷频率标准的实测相位谱密度     

冷却系统阻力对汽车总阻力影响的数值预测模型研究

采用CFD方法数值模拟了小型汽车发动机冷却系统对全车阻力的影响特性.汽车的内部及外部(发动机舱及舱内)均设置了数值模拟网格.分别计算了散热器及风扇对阻力的影响,采用本校实验结果(散热器压力损失)及制造商提供的数据(散热器及风扇的质量流率)确定初始及边界条件,为基于RNS的CFD提供输入.对汽车轮胎运动模式及行驶速度对散热系统阻力及汽车总阻的影响特性也进行了计算分析.预测结果表明,冷却系统阻力占汽车总阻的6.9％,与实测值吻合.     

双三角翼局歼击教练飞机的概念优化设计

双三角翼气动布局比三角翼飞机具有更好的大攻角空气动力特性。引入了评估教练机训练效能的作战分析法，研究了双三角机翼布局飞机空气动力特性的工程计算途径以及飞机性能指标的确定方法。以训练效能作为目标函数并选取机翼平面形状的几何参数为设计变量，采用多变量数值寻优方法，在战术技术指标及相关几何约束条件下，对某高级教练机的双三角机翼气动布局方案进行了优化选择。算例表明最优方案不仅比原准方案具有更高的训练效能，还改善了结构的受力情况，与工程实践吻合。     

DASIG:一种多处理机的数据和信号处理体系结构

本文介绍了一种称为DASIG机的灵活的计算机体系结构,准备用于数据和信号处理。该机实际上包括任意数量并行工作的可编微程序数字和/或信号处理部件。每一部件具有4K高速缓冲存贮器和三个长为16的队列。这些队列用于部件问的通信。利用4K高速缓冲存贮器可在部件问或从主存贮器成块传送数据,所以各部件在完成各自任务中与其它部件的交互影响很少。数字处理部件由可编微程序的位片数字硬件结构组成,这些硬件结构能够级联一至八个位组。信号处理部件由专门用于极快信号处理的高速可编微程序的位片数字信号处理硬件组成。典型的DASIG机配置能为很多种数字和信号处理提供杰出的性能,它包括三个部件:全局接口部件、数据处理部件和信号处理部件。本文介绍了DASIG机的总体结构,然后介绍数字处理部件和信号处理部件的结构以及处理机的同步问题。最后讨论DASIG机的性能和灵活性。     

An astrophysical view of Earth-based metabolic biosignature gases

Microbial life on Earth uses a wide range of chemical and energetic resources from diverse habitats. An outcome of this microbial diversity is an extensive and varied list of metabolic byproducts. We review key points of Earth-based microbial metabolism that are useful to the astrophysical search for biosignature gases on exoplanets, including a list of primary and secondary metabolism gas byproducts. Beyond the canonical, unique-to-life biosignature gases on Earth (O(2), O(3), and N(2)O), the list of metabolic byproducts includes gases that might be associated with biosignature gases in appropriate exoplanetary environments. This review aims to serve as a starting point for future astrophysical biosignature gas research.     

基于Kirchhoff方法的跨音速螺旋桨的气动声学计算

本文采用Kirchhof方法计算双桨叶Hartzel跨音速螺旋桨的远场气动噪声。Kirchhoff面为包围整个螺旋桨的固定圆柱面,首先采用FLOWer软件包直接求解Euler方程得到圆柱内和圆柱面上的近场气动流场解,然后根据Kirchhof方法求解远场声场。通过计算详细研究了圆柱的直径和高度对远场声场的影响,以及圆柱各部分对远场声压的贡献,文中同时给出了Farassat线性方法的计算结果。      

行星际磁场的螺旋扇形过渡区

从行星际磁场的大尺度螺旋形构型和扇形边界附近太阳风流动与冕旒的可能相关,本文得到一个推论,即在行星际空间可能存在一种较厚的螺旋扇形过渡区。行星际磁场和太阳风的实地观测证实了这种较厚的螺旋扇形过渡区的存在。在所分析的45个螺旋扇形过渡区中,磁场强度都不为零;大部分大于或小于周围平均场强。本文进一步分析了磁增大和磁减小两类过渡区中的物理性质和可能成因。