Unilateral centrifugation of the otoliths as a new method to determine bilateral asymmetries of the otolith apparatus in man

Ten healthy subjects were eccentrically rotated with constant speed on a Barany chair. Setting of a luminous line (LL) to the subjective vertical and ocular counter-roll (OCR) were evaluated. During eccentric position rotation subjects consistently reported illusory rotation and set the LL to an angle correlating to centrifugal force. At the same time an OCR of opposite direction was measured. In one patient, labyrinthectomized on the right side, only counterclockwise rotation of the luminous line was observed. Differences between "inner" and "outer" eye were evident for luminous line settings and OCR in some subjects. The results indicate that eccentric rotation is a valuable method to test for bilateral otolith asymmetries. The method can be applied to preflight tests of astronaut candidates for susceptibility to spacesickness. It is also offered for clinical evaluation of unilateral otolith impairments.     

IBM3081处理机系统的研制和工艺问题

3081处理机系统由3081处理机和处理机的控制器、电源及冷却等支持设备组成。3081处理机(完全采用LSI技术)采用一种由两个中央处理机组成的双元结构,每一个中央处理机的机器周期都是26毫微秒,以相当于IBM3033两倍的速率执行370系统指令。本文扼要地介绍IBM3081所用工艺和设计方法的先进之处,及其系统设计方面的改进。要把LSI技术应用到3O81处理机(有80万个逻辑电路)的设计上就需要发展硅器件的组装、互连和冷却技术。3081的一项重要成就是成功地采用了热传导组件(TCM)。这种组件最多含4万5千个逻辑电路,冷却能力高达300瓦,还可省掉整整一个组装级——插件板。为了达到高可靠性和可维修性的目标,需要采取错误检测和故障隔离新方法。在系统的组装和结构上的创新,以及用软件及硬件模型进行广泛的系统设计检验,提高了该系统的性能。     

冷却系统阻力对汽车总阻力影响的数值预测模型研究

采用CFD方法数值模拟了小型汽车发动机冷却系统对全车阻力的影响特性.汽车的内部及外部(发动机舱及舱内)均设置了数值模拟网格.分别计算了散热器及风扇对阻力的影响,采用本校实验结果(散热器压力损失)及制造商提供的数据(散热器及风扇的质量流率)确定初始及边界条件,为基于RNS的CFD提供输入.对汽车轮胎运动模式及行驶速度对散热系统阻力及汽车总阻的影响特性也进行了计算分析.预测结果表明,冷却系统阻力占汽车总阻的6.9％,与实测值吻合.     

Sightseeing [far] beyond the Great Wall

International plans for space tourism are reviewed, with emphasis on plans developed in China and Japan. Economic aspects associated with the satellite launch market are discussed.     

剪切同轴式喷嘴中心管壁厚对火焰的影响

为了研究剪切同轴式喷嘴中心管壁厚度对火焰的影响,针对LOX/CH4火焰,采用数值方法计算了三种不同喷嘴中心管壁厚的长方体形燃烧室内的燃烧过程,计算表明,对于较大的管壁厚度,在紧贴管壁下游的区域将形成较大的回流区,有利于火焰稳定在喷嘴出口处,还给出了采用相同几何结构燃烧室的LOX/CH4燃烧试验结果,试验也得出了同样的趋势,随着中心管壁厚度的增加,火焰中心明显前移。     

利用区间广义卡尔曼滤波器跟踪来袭弹道式导弹

用雷达跟踪来袭弹道式导弹,由于其运动模型、测量噪声的不确定性,成为需要研究的重要问题。经典广义卡尔曼滤波器(EKF)不再适用于这种不确定的问题,因此,引入一种新的区间广义卡尔曼德波(EIKF)方法来跟踪导弹系统。计算机仿真结果表明本EIKF算法对于这种不确定的、非线性弹道式导弹的测量问题是有效的。     

先进的电子战测试设备(AEWTS)能满足通用测试要求

由豪涅威尔公司研制的先进电子战测试设备(AEWTS)称为测试站。这个系统的结构布局极好,并有满足将来通用的测试要求的灵活性。高性能总线和硬件、软件的模块化有助于测试站的扩充,但是测试站要扩充的话还必须增加更多的资源。先进电子战测试设备从1970年末开始发展到目前这种颇有活力的状况,充分说明了该系统的潜在的扩展能力以及它的自适应性。     

复杂背景下快速移动目标的实时跟踪

提出了适用于跟踪在复杂背景下快速移动目标的实时跟踪系统.利用基于马尔可夫场模型的背景减除算法检测像素变化,以跟踪移动目标.分割掩膜的先验概率用马尔可夫场模型来表示,因此目标跟踪任务即被转化成最大后验问题.实验结果表明,本文算法在简单背景或复杂背景下的离线和在线移动目标跟踪方面均有较好的效果.     

New methods for microbial contamination monitoring: an experiment on board the MIR orbital station

Experiment T2, carried out during the Euromir'95 mission, was an important step toward innovative methods for spacecraft microbial contamination monitoring. A new standard sampling technique permitted samples to be analysed by different means. On board, two analysis methods were tested in parallel: Bioluminescence and Miniculture. In turn, downloaded samples are being analysed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR), a powerful and promising method for the rapid detection, identification and quantification of pathogens and biofouling agents in closed manned habitats.