2004年3月13日TC-1和Cluster卫星联合观测的磁通量传输事件

分析了2004年3月13日12:15到12:25UT期间TC-1和Cluster卫星簇的磁通门磁力计(FGM)和电子/电流试验仪(PEACE)的联合观测数据.在此期间,TC-1卫星位于日下点以南的磁层顶附近的磁鞘中,并在12:19UT左右观测到了一个典型的先正后负的磁鞘磁通量传输事件(FTE);而Cluster卫星簇位于北半球日侧高纬磁层项附近,并于12:23UT左右穿出磁层顶进入磁鞘,且在12:21 UT左右也观测到了一个典型的先正后负的磁层FTE.比较分析发现此两个FTE具有类似的磁场结构和等离子体特征,可能是同一个北向运动的FTE先后被TC-1和Cluster卫星观测到.利用Cluster 4颗卫星的多点同时观测数据,采用最小方向微分法和时空微分方法,推断Cluster卫星观测的这个FTE是尺度大小约为1.21Re的准二维结构,其运动方向为东北方向,与Cooling模型预测方向基本一致.利用Cooling模型的预测,推算了TC-1卫星在12:19UT观测的FTE的运动速度和尺度,进而得出随着通量管的极向运动,其速度和尺度均有所增加.     

用互相关法和用三个或多个振荡器法表征频率起伏

一个振荡器自身的稳定度可以用两个辅助振荡器并在这三个振荡器中两两进行比较的方法来加以测定。如果不是同时进行三次比较,直接应用这种原理就会得出错误的结果。然而,这些结果是受了测试系统噪声的影响。为了对三个振荡器进行比较,提出了一些新的方法。这些方法应用方差和互相关的概念,能够单独地表征振荡器的特性,而在不相关时,则可减少杂散噪声源的影响。所以在频率和相位起伏测量中能够得到较好的分辨度。     

装有自由旋转尾翼的鸭式导弹的滚动发散

用解析的方法研究有自由旋转尾翼和鸭式控制面的导弹的滚动运动,确定了运动的平衡状态;探讨在所施加的铰链力矩不变时小扰动的情况;利用对平衡状态小偏差的线性运动方程,推导出稳定的显式条件,并用全运动方程数值解考察了大扰动情况和在俯仰、偏航上导弹自由度的影响,证明了大偏差的发散特性.研究结果表明,滚动运动在很大的参数范围内是发散的,产生发散的主要因素是气动力滚动阻尼的减少和离心力对控制面的作用.     

用于飞机飞行控制的计算机余度

本文讨论了没有机械备份的字飞行控制采用余度方法获得可靠性的必要。了飞行控制应用的限制和典型要求,为的是洞察系统结构发展的规律性、讨论了信号强化、故障检测,硬件和软件的权衡,内部测试和跟踪考虑,根据某一系统的经验说明那些地方有问题,那些地方没有困难。本文还提出映最新设计思想的典型四机构。     

Research priorities and plans for the International Space Station-results of the 'REMAP' Task Force

Recent events in the International Space Station (ISS) Program have resulted in the necessity to re-examine the research priorities and research plans for future years. Due to both technical and fiscal resource constraints expected on the International Space Station, it is imperative that research priorities be carefully reviewed and clearly articulated. In consultation with OSTP and the Office of Management and budget (OMB), NASA's Office of Biological and Physical Research (OBPR) assembled an ad-hoc external advisory committee, the Biological and Physical Research Maximization and Prioritization (REMAP) Task Force. This paper describes the outcome of the Task Force and how it is being used to define a roadmap for near and long-term Biological and Physical Research objectives that supports NASA's Vision and Mission. Additionally, the paper discusses further prioritizations that were necessitated by budget and ISS resource constraints in order to maximize utilization of the International Space Station. Finally, a process has been developed to integrate the requirements for this prioritized research with other agency requirements to develop an integrated ISS assembly and utilization plan that maximizes scientific output.     

Searching for life on Mars: selection of molecular targets for ESA's aurora ExoMars mission

The European Space Agency's ExoMars mission will seek evidence of organic compounds of biological and non-biological origin at the martian surface. One of the instruments in the Pasteur payload may be a Life Marker Chip that utilizes an immunoassay approach to detect specific organic molecules or classes of molecules. Therefore, it is necessary to define and prioritize specific molecular targets for antibody development. Target compounds have been selected to represent meteoritic input, fossil organic matter, extant (living, recently dead) organic matter, and contamination. Once organic molecules are detected on Mars, further information is likely to derive from the detailed distribution of compounds rather than from single molecular identification. This will include concentration gradients beneath the surface and gradients from generic to specific compounds. The choice of biomarkers is informed by terrestrial biology but is wide ranging, and nonterrestrial biology may be evident from unexpected molecular distributions. One of the most important requirements is to sample where irradiation and oxidation are minimized, either by drilling or by using naturally excavated exposures. Analyzing regolith samples will allow for the search of both extant and fossil biomarkers, but sequential extraction would be required to optimize the analysis of each of these in turn.