Detection of aerosol pollution sources during sandstorms in Northwestern China using remote sensed and model simulated data

The present paper has used a comprehensive approach to study atmosphere pollution sources including the study of vertical distribution characteristics, the epicenters of occurrence and transport of atmospheric aerosol in North-West China under intensive dust storm registered in all cities of the region in April 2014. To achieve this goal, the remote sensing data using Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer satellite (MODIS) as well as model-simulated data, were used, which facilitate tracking the sources, routes, and spatial extent of dust storms. The results of the study have shown strong territory pollution with aerosol during sandstorm. According to ground-based air quality monitoring stations data, concentrations of PM₁₀ and PM_2.5 exceeded 400?μg/m³ and 150?μg/m³, respectively, the ratio PM_2.5/PM₁₀ being within the range of 0.123–0.661. According to MODIS/Terra Collection 6 Level-2 aerosol products data and the Deep Blue algorithm data, the aerosol optical depth (AOD) at 550?nm in the pollution epicenter was within 0.75–1. The vertical distribution of aerosols indicates that the Cloud-Aerosol Lidar and Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observations (CALIPSO) 532?nm total attenuates backscatter coefficient ranges from 0.01 to 0.0001?km^?1?×?sr^?1 with the distribution of the main types of aerosols in the troposphere of the region within 0–12.5?km, where the most severe aerosol contamination is observed in the lower troposphere (at 3–6?km). According to satellite sounding and model-simulated data, the sources of pollution are the deserted regions of Northern and Northwestern China.     

Validation on MERSI/FY-3A precipitable water vapor product

The precipitable water vapor is one of the most active gases in the atmosphere which strongly affects the climate. China's second-generation polar orbit meteorological satellite FY-3A equipped with a Medium Resolution Spectral Imager (MERSI) is able to detect atmospheric water vapor. In this paper, water vapor data from AERONET, radiosonde and MODIS were used to validate the accuracy of the MERSI water vapor product in the different seasons and climatic regions of East Asia. The results show that the values of MERSI water vapor product are relatively lower than that of the other instruments and its accuracy is generally lower. The mean bias (MB) was ?0.8 to ?12.7?mm, the root mean square error (RMSE) was 2.2–17.0?mm, and the mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) varied from 31.8% to 44.1%. On the spatial variation, the accuracy of MERSI water vapor product in a descending order was from North China, West China, Japan -Korea, East China, to South China, while the seasonal variation of accuracy was the best for winter, followed by spring, then in autumn and the lowest in summer. It was found that the errors of MERSI water vapor product was mainly due to the low accuracy of radiation calibration of the MERSI absorption channel, along with the inaccurate look-up table of apparent reflectance and water vapor within the water vapor retrieved algorithm. In addition, the surface reflectance, the mixed pixels of image cloud, the humidity and temperature of atmospheric vertical profile and the haze were also found to have affected the accuracy of MERSI water vapor product.     

基于1394网络的分布式组合导航系统时序建模与仿真

总线拓扑完整是基于 1394 总线网络的分布式组合导航系统正常、可靠工作的必然要求,为了确保各传感器节点信息的可靠传输,必须在系统工作前进行总线完整性检查,以排除节点或线缆故障可能对系统造成的不利影响。导航计算机在执行总线完整性检查程序时,总线控制器的时钟源将发生切换,这会带来一定的时序问题。针对分布式组合导航系统在某次 1394b 总线完整性检查过程中出现的虚警故障,通过理论分析和建模仿真,对故障时刻的系统运行时序和虚警原因进行探究。结果表明:在进行总线完整性检查时,组合导航计算机与总线控制器时钟异步导致组合导航计算机软件相邻两周期读取 DPRAM 中同一片缓存是系统报出虚警的根本原因。     

机载液冷源系统热特性仿真实验研究

大功率的航空机载电子设备会存在超温问题,相比于风冷,采用液冷源对设备进行冷却具有更好的散热效果,因此需要对液冷源系统进行热特性仿真计算。以某型机载液冷源为例,建立其主要部件（包括储液箱、齿轮泵、散热器等）的传热理论数值计算模型,仿真分析-40~40 ℃温度工况下的系统热特性,并通过状态机编程实现超温情况下的温控仿真。结果表明：该型机载液冷源系统在典型工况下温度指标基本满足冷板进口温度（5~30 ℃）的技术指标要求;在系统温度上下偏值较大的情况下,采取提高风机转速或打开冲压空气口的控制方法,可明显改善该问题且冷板温度基本控制在 5~15 ℃范围内。     

太阳电池阵EM板热真空试验电路故障测试技术

太阳电池阵EM板热真空试验是考核太阳电池板适应热真空环境能力的关键试验。试验中需要对电池阵的电路进行多循环长期检测。文章中采用对EM板输出负载电压进行实时高频（≥10Hz）采集,同时对每个循环、每天的测试数据进行对比的测试方法检测电池电路的短路和开路故障。某航天器太阳电池阵EM板热真空试验采用此测试方法及时发现了电池电路异常,并在对问题工艺进行改进后重新投产;新产品通过了第二次热真空试验的考核,且在轨工作正常,证明了该测试方法的有效性。     

玉树地震前的电离层异常现象分析

分析了玉树地震前地基电离层探测临界频率、GPS TEC和卫星探测原位等离子体参量等多个参数的扰动变化信息, 研究了不同高度异常变化的时空关联性. 分析发现, 在地震前一天的4月13日, 多个电离层参量出现同步扰动异常, 电离层临界频率f₀F₂异常相对滑动中值增大40%, 异常空间上存在从震中东南向西南漂移的特性; GPS TEC异常增强15TECU (1TECU=1016m-2)左右, 分布于震中南部经度15°范围内, 且有明显的磁共轭效应; DEMETER观测的原位氧离子密度N_i(O+) 4月13日为1-4月中最强的一天, 异常分布偏向赤道区, 但仅局限在30°-50°左右的经度范围内. 综合三个参量的异常特征发现, 无论是空间的局地性还是时间上的密切关联均反映这次电离层扰动可能与玉树地震孕育有关. 结合其他观测信息, 进一步探讨了这次地震孕育过程的地震电离层耦合机理.      

一种提高我国空间站中继测控覆盖率的方法

根据中继卫星的定点位置,对我国中继卫星-空间站的几何覆盖率进行了分析,并对提高空间站中继测控覆盖率的途径进行了研究,提出了一种采用不同舱段的2副中继天线融合使用,并通过调整天线安装布局提高中继测控覆盖率的方法。经理论分析和仿真验证,该方法能够有效地提高空间站中继测控覆盖率,可为我国空间站中继天线的安装布局设计提供参考。     

厚度和环境对复合涂层导电性能的影响

为了给数字化刻铣曲面频率选择表面(FSS)结构的制作和加工提供参考和依据,对比研究了含片状银粉颗粒的聚氨酯基和环氧树脂基2种复合导电涂层的基本性能,并通过环境加速试验,重点研究了温度、湿度以及腐蚀气氛对2种导电涂层的界面强度、微观结构和导电性能的影响.通过电桥法测量涂层表面电阻的变化,并通过扫描电境观察环境试验前后,涂层表面和剖面的微观结构和形貌变化.试验结果表明:聚氨酯基涂层的综合性能优于环氧树脂基涂层;在实验所涉及的参数变化范围内,环境因素对2种涂层与基体的界面结合影响不大,但对其导电性能的影响比较明显.环境因素对导电性能的削弱作用,源于相应过程中导电涂层的微观结构损伤.     

嵌入式软件测试开发环境的框架设计

采用软件设计上的复用思想,对嵌入式软件仿真测试环境进行框架的设计,可以使测试环境在不做大幅度修改的情况下适应不同的被测软件,节省设计的时间和费用.论述了由框架开发软件的过程,并把此过程应用于测试环境;对嵌入式软件仿真测试环境进行总体分析,确定了它的3个主要组成部分;归纳出作为测试环境重要组成部分的测试开发环境的基本功能,并使用专门针对框架开发的UML-F建模语言设计了一个框架;对已开发成功的测试开发环境框架,提出了具体的框架适配方案.本设计已在实际工程中得到了应用.     

屋盖MRD隔震升船机结构模型振动台试验

升船机结构塔柱平台处的刚度突变会引起升船机顶部厂房强烈的地震鞭梢效应,在升船机结构模型上设置屋盖磁流变阻尼器MRD(Magnetorhelogical Damper)隔震系统并进行振动台试验,以验证该系统对控制升船机结构顶部厂房地震鞭梢效应的有效性.设计制作了升船机结构模型和磁流变阻尼器隔震系统,分别进行了原结构模型和屋盖MRD隔震结构模型的振动台试验,并对模型结构的动力特性和振动反应进行了对比分析.试验结果表明:MRD隔震系统改变了模型结构的动力特性,有效地减小了升船机结构模型顶部排架层的层间侧移反应.最后进行了数值分析,并与试验结果进行了比较,验证了屋盖MRD隔震-升船机结构系统力学模型与数值分析方法的正确性.