铝合金壳体阳极化膜颜色异常分析

铝合金壳体在阳极化处理后表面阳极化膜存在颜色异常(发黑)现象。本文通过对壳体阳极化膜表面及基体形貌观察、金相分析和成分分析对发黑的原因进行了分析。结果表明壳体阳极化膜发黑的原因是由于该区域存在成分偏析(合金含量高),导致该区域的晶粒尺度比正常区域小、耐蚀性比正常区域差,膜层微观结构与正常区域存在差异,膜层内部化合物较多,致使该区域膜层呈现黑色。     

C/SiC复合材料紧固件拉-拉疲劳行为研究

为了研究C/SiC复合材料紧固件的拉-拉疲劳行为,在疲劳应力比为0. 1、加载频率为10 Hz的条件下对不同应力水平的疲劳寿命进行统计。采用断口分析和金相分析方法对C/SiC复合材料螺钉疲劳破坏的细观机制进行了研究。结果表明:C/SiC复合材料螺钉拉-拉疲劳包含拉断疲劳及拉脱疲劳两种失效形式;基于双参数幂指数形式的寿命模型,两种失效形式的疲劳寿命经验公式相似;C/SiC复合材料螺钉的疲劳极限约为拉伸强度的65%～70%,若最大疲劳应力大于0. 7σmax,其材料损伤随循环次数增多而明显增大。     

固体火箭发动机零维两相燃烧室压强计算方法研究

为了更准确地预估含金属燃料固体火箭发动机的燃烧室压强,在压强计算中考虑两相流的影响,从一维两相喷管流动的求解出发,通过两相平衡流模型、两相常滞后模型、两相等温流模型、颗粒定温模型等模型的简化,分别推导不同模型下喷管中两相混合物的流量计算公式,再把流量公式应用到发动机零维内弹道理论中,推导并简化得到零维燃烧室平衡压强的计算公式。把压强公式用于HTPB推进剂固体火箭发动机和铝冰固体火箭发动机的燃烧室压强计算,结果表明,当固体推进剂中金属含量较高时(如铝含量为21%的HTPB推进剂发动机),用传统零维燃烧室压强公式预估的压强与实验误差较大,而使用合适的两相流模型和对应的零维燃烧室压强计算方法,在HTPB发动机中,能把压强预估结果与实验的误差降低到6%以内。如果使用多维内流场计算的方法,燃烧室压强预测结果的误差将下降到2.5%以内。结论发现在含金属固体火箭发动机的燃烧室压强计算中,考虑两相流的影响是必要的,而使用两相流修正后的零维燃烧室压强计算公式能够快速、较准确地预估这些发动机的燃烧室压强。     

热障涂层在涡轮叶片应用中的热防护有效性

建立了含热障涂层的涡轮叶片简化传热模型,通过理论推导建立了热障涂层的有效性判据,并基于此进行了热防护有效性分析。理论分析与数值实验表明:由热障涂层带来的复合传热表面传热系数的变化会显著影响热障涂层的热防护效果;在发动机典型工况下,对于处于高温区的高压涡轮叶片前缘处,热障涂层引起的复合传热表面传热系数变化率最大值的范围为1.25%~10.83%以满足热防护有效性要求。在工程中应特别注意由于热障涂层的应用带来的复合传热表面传热系数的变化,否则会导致热防护失效,甚至产生反效果。      

Numerical investigation on flow and heat transfer characteristics of supercritical RP-3 in inclined pipe

Numerical simulations of flow and heat transfer to supercritical RP-3 through the inclined tubes have been performed using LS k–e model embedded in Fluent. The physical properties of RP-3 were obtained using the generalized corresponding state laws based on the fourcomponent surrogate model. Mass flow rate is 0.3 g/s, system pressure is 3 MPa, inlet temperature is 373 K. Inclination of the inclined pipe varied from -90° to 90°, with heat flux varied from 300 k W/m~2 to 400 kW/m~2. Comparison between the calculated result and the experimental data indicates the range of error reasonable. The results of ±45° show that temperature inhomogeneity in inclined pipe produce the secondary flow in its cross section due to the buoyancy force. Depending on the strength of the temperature inhomogeneity, there will be two different forms of secondary flow and both contribute to the convective heat transfer in the pipe. The secondary flow intensity decreases when the inhomogeneity alleviates and thermal acceleration will play a leading role. It will have a greater impact on the turbulent flow to affect the convective heat transfer in the pipe. When changing the inclination, it affects the magnitude of the buoyant component in flow direction. The angle increases, the buoyancy component decreases. And the peak temperature of wall dominated by the secondary flow will move forward and increase in height.     

射频介质阻挡放电改善NACA 0015翼型气动性能的实验

介质阻挡放电(DBD)均匀稳定、易于敷设,是机翼/翼型等离子体流动控制(PFC)中最常用的激励方式。射频介质阻挡放电激励频率高、放电功率大,且能在流场中产生明显的加热,应用潜力大。采用射频电源驱动DBD激励器产生等离子体,分析放电的体积力、热特性和诱导流场特性,开展了射频介质阻挡放电改善NACA 0015翼型气动性能的实验,研究了占空比、调制频率、载波频率和电源功率等参数对流动控制效果的影响规律。结果表明:射频等离子体激励的体积力效应随激励电压的增大而增加;射频等离子体激励产生的热量在诱导的流场中进行传导,加速流场;当来流速度为20m/s,Re=3.36×10~5时,在翼型前缘施加激励,使翼型临界失速迎角推迟1°,最大升力系数增大6.43%,且在过失速迎角下仍具有流动控制效果,使升力下降变缓;调制频率越大,控制效果越好;存在最佳占空比、载波频率和功率,占空比对流场控制效果的影响最显著,最佳占空比、载波频率和功率分别为20%,460kHz和50W。射频等离子体激励以体积力效应、热效应和诱导壁面射流改善失速流场,使得NACA0015翼型气动性能极大改善,流动分离得到有效控制。     

模型自由飞试验中的螺旋桨动力模拟方法研究

开展螺旋桨飞机模型自由飞失速试验需要准确地模拟螺旋桨动力状态。通过对模型自由飞失速试验 动力相似准则和螺旋桨动力模拟相似准则的分析,推导出螺旋桨飞机模型自由飞失速试验中所需要遵循的相 似准则关系;以此开展某四发螺旋桨飞机模型自由飞试验,通过控制螺旋桨转速、设计桨叶角,满足拉力系数和 前进比相等,模拟全尺寸飞机螺旋桨动力特性,获得的失速特性与飞机风洞实验结果一致。结果表明:该方法 能够准确模拟飞机失速过程的螺旋桨动力状态,可为飞机失速试飞提供重要的数据支撑,并为国内后续螺旋桨 类飞机模型自由飞试验失速试飞研究提供理论和试验方法。     

An experimental system for release simulation of internal stores in a supersonic wind tunnel

Aerodynamic parameters obtained from separation experiments of internal stores in a wind tunnel are significant in aircraft designs. Accurate wind tunnel tests can help to improve the release stability of the stores and in-flight safety of the aircrafts in supersonic environments.A simulative system for free drop experiments of internal stores based on a practical project is provided in this paper. The system contains a store release mechanism, a control system and an attitude measurement system. The release mechanism adopts a six-bar linkage driven by a cylinder, which ensures the release stability. The structure and initial aerodynamic parameters of the stores are also designed and adjusted. A high speed vision measurement system for high speed rolling targets is utilized to measure the pose parameters of the internal store models and an optimizing method for the coordinates of markers is presented based on a priori model. The experimental results show excellent repeatability of the system, and indicate that the position measurement precision is less than0.13 mm, and the attitude measurement precision for pitch and yaw angles is less than 0.126°, satisfying the requirements of practical wind tunnel tests. A separation experiment for the internal stores is also conducted in the FL-3 wind tunnel of China Aerodynamics Research Institute.     

电网电压不平衡及谐波畸变时基波电压正负序分量分离新方法

针对传统锁相环(PLL)在电网电压不平衡及谐波畸变下利用常规软件锁相环不能准确获取相位的问题,提出了一种新的正负序分量分离新方法。利用了相序解耦谐振控制器能去除高次谐波和延时信号消除(DSC)法可滤除特定谐波的特性,将相序解耦谐振和延时信号消除法结合起来,达到更好的正负序分量分离的效果。最后,采用MATLAB/Simulink软件仿真结果证明了所提出方法的可行性和有效性。     

具有几何和光照不变性的不变矩构建研究

为了解决现有的光照变化条件下仿射不变矩识别不稳健的问题,提出了一种归一化光照仿射不变矩,即采用一种光照模型,基于Jan Flusser仿射不变矩,推导出一种归一化光照仿射不变矩,并且从理论上证明了该方法在各种仿射变换下的稳健性,然后通过对比实验验证了该方法在光照强度、方向和颜色改变下的不变性.实验结果表明,与当前主流的光照不变矩方法相比,该方法不仅适合灰度图像也适合彩色图像,在光照方向改变下,图像的倾斜运动中识别度提高了35％;在线性光照强度改变下,图像的倾斜运动中识别度提高了85％;在光照颜色改变下,图像的平移和旋转运动中识别度提高了7.8％;以多种卫星模型图像为实验对象,在光照改变下,彩色图像和灰度图像的识别度平均提高了36％以上,且计算简单,更适合于航天器目标的识别.