Effect of sodium tartrate concentrations on morphology and characteristics of anodic oxide film on titanium alloy Ti–10V–2Fe–3Al

The effect of sodium tartrate concentrations on morphology and characteristics of ano-dic oxide film on titanium alloy was investigated. The alloy substrates were anodized in different concentration solutions of sodium tartrate with the addition of PTFE emulsion and their morphol-ogy and characteristics were analyzed. The anodic oxide film presented a uniform petaloid drums and micro-cracks morphology. Additionally, micro-cracks dramatically swelled with the increase of the tartrate concentrations. The thickness of the anodic oxide film increased with the concentra-tions until the concentration reached 15 g/L. The results of Raman analysis illustrate that all sam-ples have similarity in the crystal structure, consisting of mainly amorphous TiO2, some anatase TiO2 and a small amount of rutile TiO2. And the ratios of anatase TiO2 and rutile TiO2 increase with the concentrations until it reaches 15 g/L. Furthermore, the intensity of the peaks increases with enhanced concentrations until the concentration reaches 15 g/L. The corrosion resistance of the anodic oxide film is increased by the sodium tartrate with higher concentrations before 15 g/L. The coefficient of friction of the anodic oxide film reduces with the concentrations until the concentration reaches 15 g/L, then the coefficient of friction of the anodic oxide film increases with the concentrations.     

An equivalent ground thermal test method for single-phase fluid loop space radiator

Thermal vacuum test is widely used for the ground validation of spacecraft thermal control system. However, the conduction and convection can be simulated in normal ground pressure environment completely. By the employment of pumped fluid loops’ thermal control technology on spacecraft, conduction and convection become the main heat transfer behavior between radiator and inside cabin. As long as the heat transfer behavior between radiator and outer space can be equivalently simulated in normal pressure, the thermal vacuum test can be substituted by the normal ground pressure thermal test. In this paper, an equivalent normal pressure thermal test method for the spacecraft single-phase fluid loop radiator is proposed. The heat radiation between radiator and outer space has been equivalently simulated by combination of a group of refrigerators and thermal electrical cooler(TEC) array. By adjusting the heat rejection of each device, the relationship between heat flux and surface temperature of the radiator can be maintained. To verify this method,a validating system has been built up and the experiments have been carried out. The results indicate that the proposed equivalent ground thermal test method can simulate the heat rejection performance of radiator correctly and the temperature error between in-orbit theory value and experiment result of the radiator is less than 0.5 C, except for the equipment startup period. This provides a potential method for the thermal test of space systems especially for extra-large spacecraft which employs single-phase fluid loop radiator as thermal control approach.     

商用飞机驾驶舱造型设计特征研究

介绍了国内外商用飞机驾驶舱设计的历史及现状,在分析多类飞机驾驶舱造型设计图片资料的基础上,探讨主要飞机制造商驾驶舱造型设计的特征。依据驾驶舱造型的相似性,对国际上12家商用飞机制造商的66款机型的驾驶舱进行聚类分析和多维尺度分析,挑选出10款有代表性的驾驶舱。在提取代表性驾驶舱造型特征线后,分析主要飞机制造商的驾驶舱造型设计特点及差异,为新型飞机驾驶舱造型设计提供参考。     

多轮多支柱起落架飞机操纵前轮转弯特性分析

在考虑机体弹性的前提下,采用Fiala轮胎理论,建立了多轮多支柱式起落架飞机全机动力学模型,进行飞机操纵前轮转弯分析。通过仿真,给出了典型前轮操纵角下,各轮胎上的径向及侧向载荷。并以轮胎出现侧滑为临界条件,研究了不同前轮操纵角下允许的飞机最大滑行速度,给出飞机操纵前轮转弯包线。最后研究了飞机180°转弯时重心及轮胎的运动轨迹,得出在保证操纵安全的前提下,飞机可在50 m宽的跑道上实现180°转弯。     

美国NASA的适航气动研究及启示

飞机适航管理是以民用航空器为对象的强制性、法规性和技术性飞行安全管理。简述美、欧等世界航空大国飞机适航管理及适航规章;研究美国NASA在飞机适航领域开展的气动研究工作;探讨我国国家空气动力试验机构服务于适航工作的途径。     

一种临近空间升浮一体飞行器气动布局设计研究

应用理论方法和数值模拟方法开展升浮一体太阳能无人机气动布局设计研究,通过优化选形设计获得高升阻比气动布局,对比两种方法的计算结果以及分析存在差别的原因;应用张线天平支撑风洞试验测试技术,对设计布局开展实验验证研究,建立大展弦比的双机身气动布局风洞试验测试方法,分析了不同雷诺数下实验模型的纵向和横向气动特性影响。研究结果表明:风洞试验结果与设计结果吻合良好,验证了设计结果的可靠性,获得了对总体设计具有指导意义的结论和试验数据结果。     

四发螺旋桨滑流对某运输机气动特性的影响研究

四发螺旋桨飞机滑流影响区较大,需要准确获得滑流引起的升力、阻力和俯仰力矩特性的变化以评估飞机的飞行性能和品质.采用动力模拟风洞实验研究某运输机在滑流影响下的气动力特性,包括升阻特性、俯仰力矩特性和升降舵效率,并采用七孔探针技术测量平尾区的尾流场特性.结果表明:滑流对气流加速的效应使得飞机的升力、阻力均有增加,升阻比在典型巡航和爬升状态下分别降低了6％和20％;滑流随迎角的增加从下至上扫掠过平尾,使得俯仰力矩和升降舵效率出现明显的非线性变化.     

桨根弹性约束刚度对无人直升机飞行品质影响

基于美国陆军航空设计标准ADS-33E-PRF,从稳定性、操纵性和轴间耦合3个方面,对“跷跷板”式旋翼桨榖加装弹性支承件后的“翼扇涵体”无人直升机进行飞行品质评价。简要介绍了样例无人直升机的飞行动力学模型;结合无人直升机的飞行操纵特点,对ADS-33E-PRF中有关稳定性、操纵性和轴间耦合的内容做了适应性剪裁;以旋翼桨根加装了弹性支承件的样例直升机为例,计算不同弹性约束刚度下的配平特性和飞行品质参数,结合飞行品质评价方法,对样例无人直升机的飞行品质进行评价和比较分析。结果表明:桨根弹性约束刚度对飞行品质中的稳定性、操纵性和轴间耦合3个方面均有影响,并且刚度系数取1左右比较合适。      

固体冲压发动机喷管用C/C-SiC复合材料

采用"化学气相渗透+先驱体浸渍裂解"(CVI+PIP)混合工艺制备固体冲压发动机用C/C-SiC复合材料喷管内层,综合考查复合材料的微观结构、弯曲性能和抗烧蚀性能以及固冲发动机C/C-SiC喷管内层水压和点火实验。结果表明:复合材料的弯曲强度达到197 MPa,且断裂破坏行为呈现典型的韧性模式;复合材料具有优异的抗氧化烧蚀性能,氧化烧蚀200 s后线烧蚀率仅为0.0063 mm·s-1;研制的C/C-SiC复合材料构件的水压爆破压强为6.5 MPa,表明构件具有良好的整体承载能力;C/C-SiC复合材料喷管内层高温综合性能通过了固体冲压发动机点火实验考核。     

两种不同形式前起落架缓冲与前轮转弯性能对比研究

缓冲与前轮转弯纠偏性能对起落架设计具有重要影响。采用ADAMS软件分别建立支柱式和摇臂式前起落架的飞机刚柔耦合动力学模型,并分别对前起落架的着陆缓冲和转弯纠偏过程进行动力学仿真及对比分析。结果表明:在同种着陆工况下,支柱式比摇臂式前起落架样机在前起落架航向所受合力更大,前轮接地后的俯仰角速度和机头下沉量相差不大;支柱式比摇臂式前起落架样机在更小的操纵力矩、转弯角度和侧向加速度下就会发生飞机侧滑。研究结果可为前起落架的设计和选取提供有益参考。