直升机低速飞行特性与意外右偏航

根据国外有关参考资料，对直升机丧尾桨推力导致意想不右偏航进行了讨论分析，简单介绍了直升机飞行时的四种飞行特性，（风标稳定性、尾桨涡环状态、主旋翼桨盘旋涡影响，丧失前飞升力）在意外右偏航中的作用和特点，以及改出方法和实施改出的应急措施，为飞行人员保证飞行安全提供了参考依据。     

Induction of hypoxic root metabolism results from physical limitations in O2 bioavailability in microgravity.

Numerous spaceflight experiments have noted changes in the roots that are consistent with hypoxia in the root zone. These observations include general ultrastructure analysis and biochemical measurements to direct measurements of stress specific enzymes. In experiments that have monitored alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH), the data shows this hypoxically responsive gene is induced and is associated with increased ADH activity in microgravity. These changes in ADH could be induced either by spaceflight hypoxia resulting from inhibition of gravity mediated O2 transport, or by a non-specific stress response due to inhibition of gravisensing. We tested these hypotheses in a series of two experiments. The objective of the first experiment was to determine if physical changes in gravity-mediated O2 transport can be directly measured, while the second series of experiments tested whether disruption of gravisensing can induce a non-specific ADH response. To directly measure O2 bioavailability as a function of gravity, we designed a sensor that mimics metabolic oxygen consumption in the rhizosphere. Because of these criteria, the sensor is sensitive to any changes in root O2 bioavailability that may occur in microgravity. In a KC-135 experiment, the sensor was implanted in a moist granular clay media and exposed to microgravity during parabolic flight. The resulting data indicated that root O2 bioavailability decreased in phase with gravity. In experiments that tested for non-specific induction of ADH, we compared the response of transgenic Arabidopsis plants (ADH promoted GUS marker gene) exposed to clinostat, control, and waterlogged conditions. The plants were grown on agar slats in a growth chamber before being exposed to the experimental treatments. The plants were stained for GUS activity localization, and subjected to biochemical tests for ADH, and GUS enzyme activity. These tests showed that the waterlogging treatment induced significant increases in GUS and ADH enzyme activities, while the control and clinostat treatments showed no response. This work demonstrates: (1) the inhibition of gravity-driven convective transport can reduce the O2 bioavailability to the root tip, and (2) the perturbation of gravisensing by clinostat rotation does not induce a nonspecific stress response involving ADH. Together these experiments support the microgravity convection inhibition model for explaining changes in root metabolism during spaceflight.     

宇航电子设备中壳体的有限元分析

就宇航电子设备中壳体结构的建模进行了研究，采用板壳单元来描述结构，用局部刚化模拟壳体转角和加强处，并对壳体单元自由度和复要边界条件的处理作了大胆有益的探索。     

压制性干扰条件下的双基地雷达探测能力研究

从双基地雷达方程出发,提出了双基地雷达探测目标的判定式。在雷达干扰方程的基础上,建立了双基地雷达在自卫式压制性干扰和远距离支援式压制性干扰条件下的干扰方程,并确立了干扰暴露区应满足的条件。根据双基地雷达探测目标判定式和干扰方程,在基于网格剖分算法的基础上,对双基地雷达探测区和干扰暴露区进行了仿真,得出了相应的探测区和暴露区面积。仿真结果表明：基于网格剖分算法的双基地雷达探测能力仿真更贴近实际,有效可行。     

三维物体表面测量光传感技术

建立了小孔成像摄相机模型,提出了将投影仪看作主动相机的隐函数线性模型.采用了四幅相移光栅条纹编解码技术进行数据匹配,提出了基于质量图的枝切截断算法,处理解码过程中由于图像噪声、孔洞、阴影等导致的相位误差.最后,搭建了实验原型系统,选取了实物模型进行测量试验.实验结果表明,该3-D传感系统工作稳定、精度高,在150mm×200mm的测量范围,精度误差约±0.04 mm.     

基于微观特征定量辨识的加速有效性评估方法

开展加速试验已逐渐成为航空高性能结构（如涡轮叶片）性能分析与寿命管理的重要途径,然而对于加速试验结果的合理、有效评估成为了制约加速试验技术发展的难题。本文以现有物理机制方法为基础,通过构建微观结构特征与宏观性能之间的定量关系,提出基于微观特征定量辨识的加速有效性评估方法,对涡轮叶片加速损伤和失效机理进行系统阐释。结果表明：本文提出的评估方法克服了现有物理机制方法的主要缺点,使得评估结果更加准确可靠,对于提高航空高性能结构的性能分析与寿命预测的准确性具有重要的借鉴意义。     

GPS 双基线载体姿态测量研究

研究了采用双基线方案测量载体的姿态,利用GPS双差相位测量基线矢量,双差伪距观测值辅助解相位整周模糊,双频时引入空间变换缩小置信空间搜索次数,通过实例分析得出了正确解算相位模糊与观测次数、伪距测量精度的关系,并利用误差传播定律对姿态测量精度进行分析,结合卫星星历数据计算表明,在卫星运行周期内航向角和俯仰角平均测量精度在一定条件下优于2mrad.     

磨牙修复体数控加工刀轨生成算法的实现

磨牙修复体CAD模型通常以STL格式存储.本文给出了基于STL格式新的拓扑结构,提出了基于顶点的实体等距算法,实现了磨牙修复体粗/精加工刀轨的快速生成.仿真加工结果表明,本文所提算法稳定性好,计算速度快,加工精度高.     

区间灰系列的熵度量及其应用(英文)

研究了灰信息理论的不确定性度量方法及其在决策中的应用,说明了建立在有限区间灰数序列基础上的灰序列熵与Shannon概率熵是不同的。讨论了灰数的度量公式和性质,包括不变性、应用条件、两个灰数并与交的灰熵等。最后给出一个应用实例验证了该方法的有效性。     

一类非线性系统的鲁棒拟人智能控制

针对一类非线性不确定系统,结合二级倒立摆控制系统设计作为实例,提出一种鲁棒拟人智能控制器设计方法.首先,基于被控对象的物理模型设计拟人定性控制律,采用优化搜索算法得到标称系统的定量控制律;然后在拟人控制律基础上增加一个鲁棒补偿器,用以抑制模型不确定性部分对系统稳定的不利影响、提高系统的鲁棒性.补偿器的设计根据Lyapunov稳定性理论进行,但设计过程中避免了构造具体的Lyapunov函数这一难题.对二级倒立摆系统的稳定控制问题进行了实验验证,实验结果进一步证明了设计方案的有效性.