现代喷气战斗机的发动机安装设计

发动机安装设计是飞机设计的一项重要工作,战斗机的发动机安装设计工作尤为重要且任务复杂.本文在收集整理大量文献资料的基础上,概述现代战斗机发动机的安装设汁,重点剖析了国外八个型号战斗机的发动机安装设计实例,比较各型战机的发动机安装设计异同,包括安装形式设计和安装节等结构部件的细节设计等.通过实例剖析和异同比较,有助于深入理解发动机安装设计的特点和规律,发展我国有自身特色的发动机安装设计解决方案.     

引入压力梯度的针对角区分离流动的Spalart-Allmaras模型的改进

针对Spalart-Allmaras（S-A）模型在角区分离计算中的问题,将无量纲的压力梯度引入其涡黏性输运方程的生成项,得到了改进的S-A模型.通过对两套含角区分离的低速压气机叶栅进行验证计算发现:与实验结果相比,原始S-A模型所得的分离区偏大,分离区内壁面压力偏低;而改进模型得到了与实验一致的分离区尺寸以及吸力面、压力面压力系数分布等结果.针对S-A模型涡黏性生成项和耗散项的分析表明:引入的无量纲压力梯度有效的识别了角区分离,在分离区内改变了涡黏性的生成、耗散关系,增大了涡黏性,从而缩小了计算所得分离区,同时在主流区保留了原始S-A模型的计算结果,进而带来了良好的改进效果.      

基于自然激励技术的颤振边界预测

为了预测紊流激励条件下机翼的颤振边界,基于自然激励技术提取紊流响应的自由衰减信号,采用矩阵束方法识别模态参数,最后通过Z-W(Zimmerman-Weissenburger)方法计算稳定性判据,拟合判据变化曲线并外推颤振边界.对平板机翼模型进行了数值仿真分析,对单独机翼模型风洞颤振试验数据进行了计算.结果表明:采用自然激励技术与矩阵束方法能够较准确地识别紊流激励响应的模态参数,频率识别误差小于6％,阻尼比识别误差小于30％,结合Z-W方法能够在较低风速较早地预测颤振边界,有助于提高试验的安全性.     

Effect of sodium tartrate concentrations on morphology and characteristics of anodic oxide film on titanium alloy Ti–10V–2Fe–3Al

The effect of sodium tartrate concentrations on morphology and characteristics of ano-dic oxide film on titanium alloy was investigated. The alloy substrates were anodized in different concentration solutions of sodium tartrate with the addition of PTFE emulsion and their morphol-ogy and characteristics were analyzed. The anodic oxide film presented a uniform petaloid drums and micro-cracks morphology. Additionally, micro-cracks dramatically swelled with the increase of the tartrate concentrations. The thickness of the anodic oxide film increased with the concentra-tions until the concentration reached 15 g/L. The results of Raman analysis illustrate that all sam-ples have similarity in the crystal structure, consisting of mainly amorphous TiO2, some anatase TiO2 and a small amount of rutile TiO2. And the ratios of anatase TiO2 and rutile TiO2 increase with the concentrations until it reaches 15 g/L. Furthermore, the intensity of the peaks increases with enhanced concentrations until the concentration reaches 15 g/L. The corrosion resistance of the anodic oxide film is increased by the sodium tartrate with higher concentrations before 15 g/L. The coefficient of friction of the anodic oxide film reduces with the concentrations until the concentration reaches 15 g/L, then the coefficient of friction of the anodic oxide film increases with the concentrations.     

荧光油膜技术及其在流动控制中的应用（英文）

研究了运用荧光油膜技术测量全局表面摩擦应力的方法,引入金字塔迭代技术和模拟演化技术提出了该方法的优化求解算法,并通过平板绊线实验对以上方法进行了验证。以此为基础,通过两个典型的流动控制实验进一步探讨了荧光油膜技术在流动控制中的应用,其中包括采用不同参数锯齿形转捩带控制平板流动转捩的被动流动控制实验和不同激励频率下的后台阶零质量射流主动流动控制实验。以上实验测量结果表明,荧光油膜方法能够有效帮助理解流动机理并可用于评估流动控制策略。     

内冷通道横流条件下气膜冷却特性

为了研究内冷通道横流条件下气膜冷却的流动和换热特性,采用窄带瞬态液晶测量技术获得了内冷通道横流条件下吹风比分别为0.5,1,2时气膜孔下游冷却效率和表面传热系数云图,并通过数值模拟得到了气膜孔内及下游区域流场的详细信息.结果表明:内冷通道横流对气膜孔下游冷却效率和表面传热系数分布有重要的影响.横流增强了气膜孔射流的展向分布能力,增强了高吹风比时气膜冷却效果.另外,气膜孔下游涡的分布出现明显的不对称性,涡的结构更加复杂.      

含裂纹金属薄板的断裂韧度与剩余强度研究

为了探究影响含裂纹铝合金薄板材料断裂韧度、剩余强度的几何因素以及韧性材料的断裂机理,对典型航空铝合金2524-T3薄板,采用不同宽度、不同初始裂纹长度的中心裂纹板试样进行试验,测定材料的K-R阻力曲线,确定平面应力断裂韧度Kc和表观断裂韧度Kapp.试验结果表明:对于薄板结构,K-R阻力曲线与板宽相关;试件宽度、初始裂纹长度对断裂韧度和表观断裂韧度的确定都有影响,且板宽度的影响较大.基于上述结论,推荐两种可同时反映韧性材料断裂中的净截面屈服效应和韧性撕裂过程的剩余强度预测方法.     

直升机起飞性能试飞方法研究

当直升机可用功率不足以维持地效外悬停时,直升机可以利用地面效应增速至一定前飞速度完成起飞。研究了地面效应和前飞速度对直升机剩余功率的影响,阐述了利用剩余功率进行有地效起飞的原理。介绍了3种有地效起飞方式,并使用水平加速—定速爬升法进行了起飞性能飞行试验,得到了水平越障距离随爬升速度的变化曲线,对飞行试验结果进行了分析,得到了有益的结论。     

直升机运输效能试飞技术研究

对直升机运输效能进行了理论分析,给出了直升机各项运输效能指标的计算方法。利用试验机进行了直升机运输效能试飞,最后给出了直升机各项运输效能指标的飞行试验结果。对于后续的直升机运输效能试飞和直升机运输效能评估等工作具有重要的参考价值。     

Practical compensation for nonlinear dynamic thrust measurement system

The real dynamic thrust measurement system usually tends to be nonlinear due to the complex characteristics of the rig, pipes connection, etc. For a real dynamic measuring system,the nonlinearity must be eliminated by some adequate methods. In this paper, a nonlinear model of dynamic thrust measurement system is established by using radial basis function neural network(RBF-NN), where a novel multi-step force generator is designed to stimulate the nonlinearity of the system, and a practical compensation method for the measurement system using left inverse model is proposed. Left inverse model can be considered as a perfect dynamic compensation of the dynamic thrust measurement system, and in practice, it can be approximated by RBF-NN based on least mean square(LMS) algorithms. Different weights are set for producing the multi-step force, which is the ideal input signal of the nonlinear dynamic thrust measurement system. The validity of the compensation method depends on the engine’s performance and the tolerance error0.5%, which is commonly demanded in engineering. Results from simulations and experiments show that the practical compensation using left inverse model based on RBF-NN in dynamic thrust measuring system can yield high tracking accuracy than the conventional methods.