Low-latitude ionospheric scintillations and total electron content obtained with the CITRIS instrument on STPSat1 using radio transmissions from DORIS ground beacons

The primary objective of the Scintillation and Tomography Receiver in Space (CITRIS) is to detect ionospheric irregularities from space at low latitude. For this purpose, the satellite receiver uses the UHF and S-Band transmissions of the ground network of Doppler Orbitography and Radiopositioning Integrated by Satellite (DORIS) beacons. CITRIS, developed at the Naval Research Laboratory, differs from the normal DORIS receiver by being able to capture and store the complex amplitude of the 401.25 and 2036.25 MHz transmissions at 200 Hz sample rate. Ground processing of the CITRIS data yields total electron content (TEC) and both phase and amplitude scintillations. With CITRIS flying on the US Space Test Program (STP) satellite STPSat1, 2 years of data were collected and processed to determine the fluctuations in ionospheric TEC and radio scintillations associated with equatorial irregularities. CITRIS flights over DORIS transmitters yield direct measurements of the horizontal plasma density fluctuations associated with equatorial plasma bubbles. Future flights of CITRIS can provide valuable complements to other satellite instruments such as GPS occultation receivers used to estimate vertical electron density profiles in the ionosphere.     

基于双响应波段工作的红外热像仪测温原理与误差分析

为了提高红外热像仪测温的准确性,根据红外辐射理论,从红外热像仪的测温原理出发,分析了基于双响应工作波段的热像仪的测温原理,得出了目标物体的发射率、物体温度计算公式以及相应误差的估算公式,分析了各影响因素对热像仪测量准确度的影响,提供了一种目标物体发射率的测定方法,对利用红外热像仪准确测量内燃机等热能机械表面温度具有重要的意义。     

独立电源多智能体信息融合故障诊断方法

对独立电源系统进行故障诊断与预测研究是保证整个复杂运动装置系统安全性工程的重要环节.分析了目前独立电源故障诊断系统中存在的问题,提出采用多传感器信息融合和多智能体技术相结合的方法来提高故障诊断的可靠性和系统的扩展性.利用智能体的自主性、分布性和协作性,构建了独立电源多智能体信息融合故障诊断系统.根据独立电源故障征兆的特点,将D-S(Dempster-Shafer)证据理论引入到多神经网络的诊断结果融合技术中,阐述了多神经网络局部诊断智能体和D-S证据理论融合诊断智能体的具体实现方法.最后,以某型航空电源故障诊断为例,给出了故障实例的诊断仿真,结果表明该方法可有效提高诊断可信度.     

航空航天复合材料应用的最新进展

文章介绍了先进复合材料的最新进展情况,内容包括用于最新复合材料体系的各种增强纤维、树脂基体,及复合材料结构设计的一些新概念。重点介绍了低成本和高效的制造技术。复合材料重要结构件的制造技术在不断改进,制造出的部件不仅精度和强度更高,而且更显成本效益。文章还介绍了航空航天领域一些新研发的复合材料结构件。     

Fourier methods for turbomachinery applications

Rapid increase in computing power has made a huge difference in scales and complexities of the problems in turbomachinery that we can tackle by use of computational fluid dynamics (CFD). It is recognised, however, that there is always a need for developing efficient methods for applications to blade designs. In a design cycle, a large number of flow solutions are sought to interact iteratively or concurrently with various options, opportunities and constraints from other disciplines. This basic requirement for fast prediction methods in a multi-disciplinary design environment remains unchanged, regardless of computer speed. And it must be recognised that the multi-disciplinary nature of blading design increasingly influences outcomes of advanced gas turbine and aeroengine developments. Recently there has been considerable progress in the Fourier harmonic modelling method development for turbomachinery applications. The main driver is to develop efficient and accurate computational methodologies and working methods for prediction and analysis of unsteady effects on aerothermal performance (loading and efficiency) and aeroelasticity (blade vibration due to flutter and forced response) in turbomachinery. In this article, the developments and applications of this type of methods in the past 20 years or so are reviewed. The basic modelling assumptions and various forms of implementations for the temporal Fourier modelling approach are presented and discussed. Computational examples for realistic turbomachinery configurations/flow conditions are given to illustrate the validity and effectiveness of the approach. Although the major development has been in the temporal Fourier harmonic modelling, some recent progress in use of the spatial Fourier modelling is also described with demonstration examples.     

The Mawrth Vallis region of Mars: A potential landing site for the Mars Science Laboratory (MSL) mission

The primary objective of NASA's Mars Science Laboratory (MSL) mission, which will launch in 2011, is to characterize the habitability of a site on Mars through detailed analyses of the composition and geological context of surface materials. Within the framework of established mission goals, we have evaluated the value of a possible landing site in the Mawrth Vallis region of Mars that is targeted directly on some of the most geologically and astrobiologically enticing materials in the Solar System. The area around Mawrth Vallis contains a vast (>1?×?10? km2) deposit of phyllosilicate-rich, ancient, layered rocks. A thick (>150?m) stratigraphic section that exhibits spectral evidence for nontronite, montmorillonite, amorphous silica, kaolinite, saponite, other smectite clay minerals, ferrous mica, and sulfate minerals indicates a rich geological history that may have included multiple aqueous environments. Because phyllosilicates are strong indicators of ancient aqueous activity, and the preservation potential of biosignatures within sedimentary clay deposits is high, martian phyllosilicate deposits are desirable astrobiological targets. The proposed MSL landing site at Mawrth Vallis is located directly on the largest and most phyllosilicate-rich deposit on Mars and is therefore an excellent place to explore for evidence of life or habitability.     

机载电子战效能评估模型研究

在分析电子战装备效能评估一般方法基础上,应用解析法和层次分析法,综合专家评估意见,建立了电子战作战效能评估的数学模型。通过典型算例示范,指出了用该模型的物理意义,为机载电子战装备效能评估提供较为科学的依据和易行的操作方法。     

第二类无奇点根数的北斗历书参数设计

为统一北斗三类卫星的历书拟合算法,提出基于第二类无奇点根数进行历书参数设计的方法,设计了以倾角向量变率作为摄动参数的历书参数模型,并给出新的历书模型的用户使用算法。利用覆盖2013年全年的实际在轨卫星的数值轨道进行了历书拟合试验。结果表明,地球静止轨道（GEO）和倾斜地球同步轨道（IGSO)卫星的拟合位置误差为2~4km,拟合用户距离误差（URE）约为1km,中圆地球轨道（MEO）卫星的拟合位置误差为1~2km,拟合URE约为500m。通过分析6个轨道根数和2个摄动参数全年的变化范围,对新历书模型进行量化单位和占用比特位的通信接口设计,定量分析量化单位对历书表达精度的影响。结果表明,参数截断后对位置误差的影响小于50m,对URE误差的影响小于5m。因此,历书量化误差对信号捕获以及首次定位时间带来的影响可以忽略不计。     

尾座式无人飞行器鲁棒容错编队控制

针对尾座式无人飞行器编队在执行器故障、严重的非线性和耦合性、参数不确定性、外界扰动等影响下的容错控制问题进行了研究。提出了一种鲁棒容错编队控制方法来实现一群尾座式无人飞行器在执行器故障情况下的期望编队飞行。所构建的控制器由2部分组成：标称控制器和干扰补偿控制器。设计标称控制器使系统实现期望的控制性能,利用干扰补偿控制器抑制多种不确定性和执行器故障的影响。通过理论分析证明了系统的鲁棒稳定性,并通过数值仿真验证了算法的有效性。     

Solar Wind Turbulence and the Role of Ion Instabilities

Solar wind is probably the best laboratory to study turbulence in astrophysical plasmas. In addition to the presence of magnetic field, the differences with neutral fluid isotropic turbulence are: (i) weakness of collisional dissipation and (ii) presence of several characteristic space and time scales. In this paper we discuss observational properties of solar wind turbulence in a large range from the MHD to the electron scales. At MHD scales, within the inertial range, turbulence cascade of magnetic fluctuations develops mostly in the plane perpendicular to the mean field, with the Kolmogorov scaling $k_{\perp}^{-5/3}$ for the perpendicular cascade and $k_{\|}^{-2}$ for the parallel one. Solar wind turbulence is compressible in nature: density fluctuations at MHD scales have the Kolmogorov spectrum. Velocity fluctuations do not follow magnetic field ones: their spectrum is a power-law with a ?3/2 spectral index. Probability distribution functions of different plasma parameters are not Gaussian, indicating presence of intermittency. At the moment there is no global model taking into account all these observed properties of the inertial range. At ion scales, turbulent spectra have a break, compressibility increases and the density fluctuation spectrum has a local flattening. Around ion scales, magnetic spectra are variable and ion instabilities occur as a function of the local plasma parameters. Between ion and electron scales, a small scale turbulent cascade seems to be established. It is characterized by a well defined power-law spectrum in magnetic and density fluctuations with a spectral index close to ?2.8. Approaching electron scales, the fluctuations are no more self-similar: an exponential cut-off is usually observed (for time intervals without quasi-parallel whistlers) indicating an onset of dissipation. The small scale inertial range between ion and electron scales and the electron dissipation range can be together described by $\sim k_{\perp}^{-\alpha}\exp(-k_{\perp}\ell_{d})$ , with α?8/3 and the dissipation scale ? _d close to the electron Larmor radius ? _d ?ρ _e . The nature of this small scale cascade and a possible dissipation mechanism are still under debate.