Numerical analysis of hypersonic thermochemical non-equilibrium environment for an entry configuration in ionized flow

A theoretical methodology for thermochemical non-equilibrium flow combing with the HLLC (Harten-Lax-van Leer Contact) scheme was applied to study the hypersonic thermochemical non-equilibrium environment of an entry configuration in ionized flow. A two-temperature controlling model was utilized and the Gupta’s 11 species (N₂, O₂, NO, O, N, NO⁺, N₂⁺, O₂⁺, N⁺, O⁺, e^?) thermochemical non-equilibrium model was taken. Firstly, numerical calculations of hypersonic thermochemical non-equilibrium environments for different aerodynamic shapes were carried out to verify the reliability of the method above. Then, the method was used to research the effects of ionization and wall catalysis on the hypersonic thermochemical non-equilibrium environment of the entry configuration in ionized flow. The shock stand-off distance can be reduced by thermochemical reactions but doesn’t continue to decrease significantly when ionization occurs. The shock stand-off distance calculated by the 11 species model is 4.2% smaller than that calculated by the 5 species (N₂, O₂, NO, O, N) thermochemical non-equilibrium model without considering ionization. Ionization reduces wall heat flux but increases wall pressure a little. The effect of ionization on aerothermal loads is greater than that of aerodynamic loads. The thermochemical reactions of electrons and ions catalyzed at the wall increase wall heat flux significantly but make a small change in wall pressure. The maximum wall heat flux obtained by only considering the electrons and ions catalyzed at the partially catalytic wall condition is 11.8% less than that calculated at the super-catalytic wall condition.     

基于超螺旋二阶滑模的双馈风力发电机控制策略

传统双馈风力发电机(DFIG)控制存在抖振现象,容易造成系统的不稳定。为了减轻控制抖振现象,提高控制的稳定性,在分析了DFIG动态特性的基础上,建立了DFIG的数学模型,设计了超螺旋二阶滑模控制器,并研究了突变风的情况下滑模控制器的控制性能。通过MATLAB/Simulink工具进行了仿真验证。仿真结果证明:滑模控制器具有良好的最优转矩跟踪能力和无功调节能力,与一般的控制方法相比鲁棒性较强,转子控制电压连续,控制产生的抖振可以大幅减轻,系统的稳定性大大提升。     

基于STM32F429的全向运动平台的运动控制

全向运动平台系统是可以实现人体在各个方位行走的2D运动平台。针对实现人体在全向运动平台稳定行走的运动控制,采用加入观测器的一阶控制算法对平台运动控制进行探究。先通过MATLAB软件进行算法的仿真,验证方法的可行性;再通过现场测试,验证控制算法的有效性。最终试验表明,加入观测器的一阶控制算法可对全向运动平台实现有效的运动控制。此运动控制策略的探究为全向运动平台的运动控制提供了一种可行的控制思路和方案。     

Hypervelocity impact induced shock acoustic emission waves for quantitative damage evaluation using in situ miniaturized piezoelectric sensor network

Manmade debris and natural meteoroids, travelling in the Low Earth Orbit at a speed of several kilometers per second, pose a severe safety concern to the spacecraft in service through the HyperVelocity Impact(HVI). To address this issue, an investigation of shock Acoustic Emission(AE) waves induced by HVI to a downscaled two-layer Whipple shielding structure is performed,to realize a quantitative damage evaluation. Firstly a hybrid numerical model integrating smoothparticle hydrodynamics and finite element is built to obtain the wave response. The projectiles, with various impact velocities and directions, are modelled to impact the shielding structure with different thicknesses. Then experimental validation is carried out with built-in miniaturized piezoelectric sensors to in situ sense the HVI-induced AE waves. A quantitative agreement is obtained between numerical and experimental results, demonstrating the correctness of the hybrid model and facilitating the explanation of obtained AE signals in experiment. Based on the understanding of HVI-induced wave components, assessment of the damage severity, i.e., whether the outer shielding layer is perforated or not, is performed using the energy ratio between the regions of ‘‘high frequency" and ‘‘low frequency" in the acquired AE signals. Lastly, the direct-arrival fundamentalsymmetric wave mode is isolated from each sensing signal to be input into an enhanced delay-andsum algorithm, which visualizes HVI spots accurately and instantaneously with different sensor network configuration. All these works demonstrate the potential of quantitative, in situ, and real time HVI monitoring using miniaturized piezoelectric sensor network.     

近代中国农村合作金融的早期思潮——以薛仙舟《中国合作化的方案》为中心

薛仙舟是近代中国合作思想史上的代表性人物,被国民政府尊奉为"中国合作运动的导师"。他制定的《中国合作化的方案》,蕴含了他在合作事业方面的设想和主张,成为中国合作运动的纲领性文件,在中国合作思想史上具有开创性的意义。这套方案中的思想来源于欧洲,虽然按照中国的现实国情进行了改造,但是依然存在着很多方面的不可实践性。     

建立不等式约束条件提高三轴一体光纤陀螺装配合格率

共用光源的三轴一体光纤陀螺组件装配后,三轴光路探测器接收的光功率会存在差异,若差异较大导致注入电流超过规定值,则认为装配失败.针对当前缺乏有效的手段确保其装配合格率,根据光源光功率与注入电流的关系、现有光学器件的技术水平,建立了光路损耗不等式约束条件,给出了产品调试成功与否的区域.在装配过程中,引入了全光路检测设备进行...     

压铸镁合金腐蚀疲劳性能的研究

研究了压铸镁合金AM50HP和AZ91HP在大气和模拟海水(3.5% NaCl溶液)环境中的疲劳行为.结果表明:压铸镁合金疲劳裂纹萌生于试样表面或近表面的铸造缺陷处;压铸镁合金AM50HP和AZ91HP在大气环境中具有疲劳极限,其值分别约为100MPa和90MPa,而在模拟海水环境中该两种压铸镁合金均不存在疲劳极限;模拟海水严重恶化压铸镁合金AM50HP和AZ91HP的疲劳性能,并且随着施加载荷的降低,影响加剧;特别地,研究发现模拟海水对压铸AM50HP疲劳性能的恶化程度较压铸镁合金AZ91HP更为严重,且这种影响趋势与该两种镁合金的机械化学性能相一致.     

复合式收扩套筒空气雾化喷嘴燃烧室点火研究

复合式收扩套筒空气雾化喷嘴中, 副油路是一个单油路离心喷嘴, 主油路采用双旋流空气雾化, 喷嘴是直射式.在点火研究中, 只是单油路离心喷嘴工作.实验用的燃烧室是一个单头部矩形燃烧室, 在燃烧室进口温度为常温, 进口压力为常压, 燃烧室压力降0.9%9.0%的试验条件下研究了复合式空气雾化喷嘴燃烧室的点火性能.在同样条件下, 研究了复合式空气雾化喷嘴的雾化性能并总结了经验关系.分析了影响点火的主要因素, 通过整理雾化数据, 以Lefebvre点火模型为基础, 总结了该类燃烧室点火经验关系.      

平行平板内连续布置肋块流场与传热的数值模拟

为了研究平行平板内连续布置8个肋块的流场结构和传热现象, 利用计算流体力学软件FLU-ENT6.2内置的标准k-ε湍流模型、RNGk-ε湍流模型和Realizablek-ε湍流模型对此进行了数值模拟并对结果作了比较.流场结果显示在相同来流条件下, 由Realizablek-ε模型预测的肋块间逆时针方向回流区最大, 标准k-ε模型最小.数值结果表明从第2个肋块开始加热段表面压力系数Cp和努塞尔数Nu开始呈周期性变化.同时将第7个肋表面的努塞尔数数值解与实验值进行了比较, 结果为三种湍流模型都能准确模拟出努塞尔数的变化趋势.计算结果可为工程设计和使用提供参考.      

减阻表面换热特性的实验

采用实验方法对带"V"型沟槽表面通道在不同雷诺数下的流动与换热特性进行了研究.研究结果表明:宽与深均为0.5 mm的沟槽板通道在实验范围内具有明显的减阻效果, 减阻效果随着雷诺数的增大而减小;相比平板通道流动, 低雷诺数范围下(10000相似文献