基于VxWorks的多电飞机电气控制系统的软件研究

分析和研究了多电飞机电气系统及嵌入式实时操作系统VxWorks的特性,设计了基于Vx-Works和RS485串行总线技术的地面模拟样机;对系统的软件实现及VxWorks下串行通信等一些关键性的技术进行了论述;针对VxWorks中的图形开发包WindML和Zinc存在显示界面不友好、开发周期长的缺陷,采用LabWindows／CVI开发了上位机的监控系统,整个系统运行稳定、可靠,满足多电飞机电气控制系统地面模拟的需要。     

基于伪距伪距率的双星定位系统/SINS组合导航系统的研究与仿真

双星定位是我国建立起来的一种区域性定位系统(GAPS)。文中介绍了双星定位的基本原理,根据其接收机的特点,论证了双星定位与惯导组合的必然性。建立了其组合的状态、观测方程,仿真结果表明了该组合方法的可行性。     

基于博弈的多目标弹药调度策略优化研究

针对作战部队弹药调度策略问题,综合考虑不同作战部队对弹药调度时间因素和安全因素需求程度的差异,通过博弈模型对多目标问题进行度量,进而结合遗传算法对弹药调度策略进行优化。仿真结果表明,本文构建的博弈模型能够更加合理地为不同环境下具有差异化需求的弹药调度策略进行优化。     

高超声速飞行器脆性透波材料大热流冲击下断裂性能试验

高超声速飞行器在俯冲段、高机动变轨或瞬间外露定位探测设备时,快速变化的高热流密度气动热会对天线窗、天线罩等部件产生强烈的热冲击。判断脆性材料透波部件在大热流密度冲击下是否出现断裂破坏及确定断裂时间点,对于高超声速飞行器能否最终锁定并击中目标具有极为重要的意义。本文建立石英灯红外辐射式大热流冲击试验系统,最大冲击热流密度可达1.5 MW/m²,并对SiO₂和Al₂O₃2种脆性材料进行了高速热冲击试验。热流冲击模拟准确,控制结果与预设热流的相对误差小于1.0%。同时,采用数字图像相关方法实时采集热冲击过程中脆性材料表面散斑图像的动态变化,成功捕捉并获得了断裂时间点这一重要关键参数。通过对散斑图像的分析计算,得到了脆性试验件断裂前的表面应变的变化。试验结果为高超声速飞行器透波天线窗等信号探测定位部件在高速大热流热冲击下的安全可靠性设计提供了重要依据。     

State of art on energy management strategy for hybrid-powered unmanned aerial vehicle

New energy sources such as solar energy and hydrogen energy have been applied to the Unmanned Aerial Vehicle(UAV), which could be formed as the hybrid power sources due to the requirement of miniaturization, lightweight, and environmental protection issue for UAV. Hybrid electrical propulsion technology has been used in UAV and it further enforces this trend for the evolution to the Hybrid-Powered System(HPS). In order to realize long endurance flight mission and improve the energy efficiency of UAV, many researching works are focused on the Energy Management Strategy(EMS) of the HPS with digital simulation, ground demonstration platforms and a few flight tests for the UAV in recent years. energy management strategy, in which off-line or on-line control algorithms acted as the core part, could optimize dynamic electrical power distribution further and directly affect the efficiency and fuel economy of hybrid-powered system onboard.In order to give the guideline for this emerging technology for UAV, this paper presents a review of the topic highlighting energy optimal management strategies of UAV. The characteristics of typical new energy sources applied in UAV are summarized firstly, and then the classification and analysis of the architecture for hybrid power systems in UAV are presented. In the context of new energy sources and configuration of energy system, a comprehensive comparison and analysis for the state of art of EMS are presented, and the various levels of complexity and accuracy of EMS are considered in terms of real time, computational burden and optimization performance based on the optimal control and operational modes of UAV. Finally, the tendency and challenges of energy management strategy applied to the UAV have been forecasted.     

Aircraft engine fault detection based on grouped convolutional denoising autoencoders

Many existing aircraft engine fault detection methods are highly dependent on performance deviation data that are provided by the original equipment manufacturer. To improve the independent engine fault detection ability, Aircraft Communications Addressing and Reporting System (ACARS) data can be used. However, owing to the characteristics of high dimension, complex correlations between parameters, and large noise content, it is difficult for existing methods to detect faults effectively by using ACARS data. To solve this problem, a novel engine fault detection method based on original ACARS data is proposed. First, inspired by computer vision methods, all variables were divided into separated groups according to their correlations. Then, an improved convolutional denoising autoencoder was used to extract the features of each group. Finally, all of the extracted features were fused to form feature vectors. Thereby, fault samples could be identified based on these feature vectors. Experiments were conducted to validate the effectiveness and efficiency of our method and other competing methods by considering real ACARS data as the data source. The results reveal the good performance of our method with regard to comprehensive fault detection and robustness. Additionally, the computational and time costs of our method are shown to be relatively low.     

Static Radical Stiffness and Contact Behavior of Nonpneumatic Mechanical Elastic Wheel

Conventional pneumatic tires exhibit disadvantages such as puncture,blowout at high speed,pressure maintenance,etc. Owing to these structural inevitable weaknesses,non-pneumatic tires have been developed and are investigated. A non-pneumatic mechanical elastic wheel(NPMEW)is introduced and investigated as a function of static radical stiffness characteristics and contact behavior. A bench test method is utilized to improve the riding comfort and the traction traffic ability of NPMEW based on tire characteristics test rig,and the static radical stiffness characteristics and the contact behavior of NPMEW are compared with that of an insert supporting run-flat tire(ISRFT). The vertical force-deformation curves and deformed shapes and contact areas of the NPMEW and ISRFT are obtained using a set of vertical loads. The contact behavior is evaluated using extracted geometrical and mechanical feature parameters of the two tires. The results indicate that the NPMEW appears to exhibit considerably high radical stiffness,and the numerical value is dependent on the mechanical characteristic of the flexible tire body and hinge units. NPMEW demonstrates more uniform contact pressure than ISRFT within a certain loading range,and it can efficiently mitigate the problem of stress concentration in ISRFT shoulder under heavy load and enhance the wear resistance and ground grip performances.     

航空铆钉连接件的抗冲击性能

以分离式Hopkinson拉杆装置为基础,设计了特殊的铆接试验件,对MS20615铆钉的铆接结构开展了动态加载下不同加载角度、不同加载速率的力学性能试验。结合其准静态试验结果,获得了铆接结构在纯剪切、30°拉剪耦合、45°拉剪耦合、60°拉剪耦合和纯拉伸试验下的力学性能参数。试验结果表明,加载角度、加载速率对铆接结构的失效载荷与失效模式有显著的影响。在试验结果的基础上,使用有限元软件LS-Dyna建立了铆接结构的简化模型,对比了试验和数值模拟得到的铆接结构载荷-位移曲线,并对简化数值模型进行了网格相关性分析,验证了简化的铆钉单元模型的可行性。     

基于磁场定向控制理论的无刷直流电机控制

磁场定向控制(FOC)理论是永磁同步电机(PMSM)最常用的控制方法之一。该方法需要电机转子瞬时精确位置,因此限制了其在使用霍尔位置传感器的无刷直流电机(BLDCM)上的应用。为了能够在BLDCM上应用FOC理论,又不增加电机成本,在现有霍尔位置传感器的基础上,提出了一种根据霍尔传感器的输出信号,通过计算前一个扇区平均转速的方法估计转子精确位置。使用MATLAB/Simulink软件对该估算方法进行了仿真,并搭建了以TI 的TMS320F28069 DSP为核心的试验系统,通过自动代码生成技术完成算法的编程,可以较好地应用于BLDCM的控制,在一些应用场合可以代替PMSM从而降低使用成本。     

结冰云雾参数对冰与固壁间剪切强度影响的初步研究

基于结冰风洞实验段,建立了冰与固壁间黏附界面剪切强度测量实验装置,获得了合理的剪切强度范围。在0.3 m×0.2 m结冰风洞实验段内开展了冰与固壁间黏附界面剪切强度的测量实验。掌握了结冰环境温度、平均水滴直径等结冰云雾参数对冰与固壁间黏附剪切强度的影响规律。研究表明:结冰环境温度为-15~-10 ℃间出现了剪切强度极大值。来流速度越大,水滴的惯性力越大,水滴间的间隙越容易被填充,冰与固壁间剪切强度也就越大。平均水滴直径(MVD)为35 μm附近出现了剪切强度极小值,水滴直径越小,水滴之间的间隙就越小,结冰就越致密。水滴直径越大,水滴越容易发生平铺,水滴之间的间隙就容易被填充,反而造成剪切强度增大。