基于VOF方法分析离心式喷嘴结构参数对性能影响

基于两相界面追踪流体体积(volume of fluid,简称VOF)方法模拟了离心式喷嘴内部的流动过程,在数值方法可靠性验证基础上,得到了15个喷嘴构型的流量系数、液膜厚度以及雾化锥角.定义无量纲影响因子η,比较喷嘴结构参数对喷嘴性能的影响程度.除了喷嘴直径和旋流室直径外,重点研究了出口扩张角、等直段长径比等结构参数的影响,通过与试验相对比,综合以往经验公式,得到如下结论:增大旋流室长度,能够增大雾化锥角;在喷嘴出口增加扩张角,能够显著地减小液膜厚度,减小雾化锥角;增大切向口距喷嘴顶部距离,能够改善喷嘴性能;切向口个数和等直段长度对喷嘴性能影响不大.该工作为下一步优化喷嘴构型打下了基础.      

N2O单组元微推力器高空模拟实验研究

在真空舱中进行了N2O单组元两种尺寸的微推力器的高空模拟试验研究,分析了微推力器设计参数对比冲等性能的影响。结果表明,两种尺寸微推力器的最大比冲分别为1.608 N.s/g和1.639 N.s/g,热损失、床载和床长对微推力器性能影响明显,存在最佳床载值、床载和床长的匹配。     

离心压气机内不同非定常源影响实验研究

使用热线风速仪对扩压器内的非定常流场进行了测量,采用锁相采样—集平均技术对热膜测量的瞬时信号进行了处理,对离心压气机内扩压器势反冲效应和叶轮尾流的非定常影响进行了分离,采用＂逆频谱分析＂方法求解了不确定性非定常性,研究了离心压气机内不同非定常源的影响。结果表明,扩压器的势反冲效应同叶轮叶片的非定常影响处于同一数量级,扩压器的势反冲效应略小一些。扩压器的势反冲效应同叶轮叶片的非定常影响均是沿流向不断减小,且二者之间的差距沿流向也不断减小。叶轮叶片的非定常影响对扩压器叶片的位置较为敏感,靠近扩压器凸面侧的测点受叶轮叶片的非定常影响较大。径向间隙内不确定非定常度受扩压器叶片的反冲影响较大。     

固体燃料冲压发动机旋流燃烧特性数值研究

为了研究固体燃料冲压发动机旋流燃烧特性,使用数值模拟方法计算了不同旋流数下的燃速、燃烧效率、推力与比冲。固体燃料为丁羟,燃烧采用总包反应与涡团耗散模型。当旋流数小于临界旋流数时,无需将旋流器出口伸入燃烧室,突扩台阶回流区即可稳定火焰;当旋流数大于临界旋流数后,须将旋流器出口伸入燃烧室一段距离,使火焰稳定在这一段区域内。旋流状态燃烧效率低于直流状态,在考虑了旋流产生的总压损失后,发动机推力与比冲也低于直流状态。     

高密度烃燃料雾化特性试验

采用试验手段研究了高密度烃燃料在直射式喷嘴情况下的雾化规律,采用数字图像处理技术,使用粒子图像测速系统（PIV）对其在横向高温气流中形成的喷雾场进行图像测量和分析。初步研究了气流温度、油压、气压与气流速度对高密度烃燃料雾化特性的影响,以及射流与喷嘴距离对喷雾粒子索太尔平均直径（SMD）的影响。试验结果显示：气流温度和油压的增加有助于提高高密度烃的雾化效果。在研究气流速度对其影响时,要考虑加热气流蒸发产生的影响,在雾化初始阶段速度因素占主导地位,而在下游距离喷嘴50~75mm间的某一位置开始,蒸发因素将起到主要作用。通过数值计算与实验比较,进一步说明了高温气流蒸发作用在颗粒二次雾化中的重要性。研究结果为优化设计高密度烃燃料发动机燃烧室提供依据。     

双向旋转变喉面流量调节阀热应力分析

以ANSYS软件为工具,时均化N-S方程、RNGkε-湍流模型和傅里叶热传导模型为基础,建立三维面对称纯气相流动和固体热传导模型;采用流固耦合的方法,设置流场和固体区域交界面为热耦合面,分析了喷管内流场特性和喷管体与轴阀固体区域的温度、应力分布。结果表明在喷管喉部圆柱段的温度最高,调节阀的等效喉部段和等效扩张段出现了应力集中的现象,两者都随轴阀转角的增加、工作时间的延长而增大。     

桨叶结冰对尾桨气动性能的影响

基于某直升机尾桨桨叶地面结冰试验数据,建立了结冰桨叶的气动计算模型。对NACA0012翼型的气动特性计算表明,翼型升力系数和阻力系数的计算结果与试验数据吻合良好。然后根据所建模型,利用Fluent软件分别计算了某尾桨桨叶翼型结冰前后剖面的气动特性,发现结冰使桨叶翼型升力系数降低,阻力系数增大。最后采用动量一叶素理论结合...     

武器装备研发项目中评估体系研究

武器装备研发项目中评估对项目管理具有重要意义。在对武器装备研发项目中评估的基本要素进行分析的基础上,依据指标体系设计的原则,建立了武器装备研发项目中评估指标体系。提出了基于三维结构的中评估模型,并对单项评估和综合评估模型可采用的方法进行了分析。最后,对其辅助评估决策支持系统结构进行了初步设计。     

The Magnetic Field of Mercury

The magnetic field strength of Mercury at the planet’s surface is approximately 1% that of Earth’s surface field. This comparatively low field strength presents a number of challenges, both theoretically to understand how it is generated and observationally to distinguish the internal field from that due to the solar wind interaction. Conversely, the small field also means that Mercury offers an important opportunity to advance our understanding both of planetary magnetic field generation and magnetosphere-solar wind interactions. The observations from the Mariner 10 magnetometer in 1974 and 1975, and the MESSENGER Magnetometer and plasma instruments during the probe’s first two flybys of Mercury on 14 January and 6 October 2008, provide the basis for our current knowledge of the internal field. The external field arising from the interaction of the magnetosphere with the solar wind is more prominent near Mercury than for any other magnetized planet in the Solar System, and particular attention is therefore paid to indications in the observations of deficiencies in our understanding of the external field. The second MESSENGER flyby occurred over the opposite hemisphere from the other flybys, and these newest data constrain the tilt of the planetary moment from the planet’s spin axis to be less than 5°. Considered as a dipole field, the moment is in the range 240 to 270 nT-R _M ³ , where R _M is Mercury’s radius. Multipole solutions for the planetary field yield a smaller dipole term, 180 to 220 nT-R _M ³ , and higher-order terms that together yield an equatorial surface field from 250 to 290 nT. From the spatial distribution of the fit residuals, the equatorial data are seen to reflect a weaker northward field and a strongly radial field, neither of which can be explained by a centered-dipole matched to the field measured near the pole by Mariner 10. This disparity is a major factor controlling the higher-order terms in the multipole solutions. The residuals are not largest close to the planet, and when considered in magnetospheric coordinates the residuals indicate the presence of a cross-tail current extending to within 0.5R _M altitude on the nightside. A near-tail current with a density of 0.1 μA/m² could account for the low field intensities recorded near the equator. In addition, the MESSENGER flybys include the first plasma observations from Mercury and demonstrate that solar wind plasma is present at low altitudes, below 500 km. Although we can be confident in the dipole-only moment estimates, the data in hand remain subject to ambiguities for distinguishing internal from external contributions. The anticipated observations from orbit at Mercury, first from MESSENGER beginning in March 2011 and later from the dual-spacecraft BepiColombo mission, will be essential to elucidate the higher-order structure in the magnetic field of Mercury that will reveal the telltale signatures of the physics responsible for its generation.     

高速电路PCB设计与仿真

在某测试系统核心板PCB设计中,基于IBIS模型,利用Cadence软件对SDRAM和主CPU间的高速信号进行信号完整性仿真,依靠仿真结果指导PCB设计,对关键网络的走线长度以及拓扑结构等做预先设计,有助于提高系统性能、减小失败风险和缩短开发周期。