一种高性能铁磁流体密封系统的实验研究

一种高性能的铁磁流体密封系统,采用钕铁硼(NdFeB)永磁体作为磁场源,密封介质则使用北京航空航天大学研制的BH-1铁磁流体。实验结果表明,对于每边磁极靴上具有一道密封级的结构,可以提供120～180kPa的耐压能力;而每边具有两道密封级,则可以达到225～370kPa。并且实验预示这种系统的密封耐压能力还有进一步提高的潜力。     

（Ti,Al）N／W6Mo5Cr4V2膜基界面结构的透射电镜研究

在Ｗ＿６Ｍｏ＿５Ｃｒ＿４Ｖ＿２型高速钢表面沉积了新型（Ｔｉ，Ａｌ）Ｎ涂层，用透射电镜研究了（Ｔｉ，Ａｌ）Ｎ／Ｗ＿６Ｍｏ＿５Ｃｒ＿４Ｖ＿２膜基界面区结构。结果表明，其界面区有一过渡层，由α－Ｔｉ和ＦｅＴｉ相组成，且与基体之间有一定的位向关系。     

MIDISS—一个独特的多处理机遥测地面站

实时遥测数据采集和显示用的一种最佳体制已经研制成功。它大大提高了灵活性和信息吞吐秀,而所使用的设备极少。当其应用于MIDISS系统时,利用这种方法,用户能够规定对几个卫星上的每个传感器的数据处理,而不受下行线路信息格式的限制。每个用户都可规定和更改阴极射线管的显示,而不会中断数据处理操作。数据处理可包括代数运算、逻辑转移、逻辑乘积、时间平均等等。这种灵活性是由SPACETALK(空间对话)——一种类FORTRAN语言产生的。使用FORTRAN语言用户就能按照传感器的名称对其进行处理,而且还能够编排和发射上行线路指令。 MIDISS硬件的小型化可以从紧凑的MIDISS结构看出。MIDISS包括:一个16字长小型计算机和一个SPACEPIPE(空间流水线,以微型计祘机为前端处理机)。SPACEPIPE可对多条下行线路进行分路,能提供速率缓冲,还可以进行数据压缩和报警检测。于是,使该小型计祘机有精力对那些变化速率相当高的下行线路信道进行各种各样的数据处理。     

基于嵌入式技术的B码信号中同步脉冲提取方法的研究

首先对B码信号进行了详细地码型介绍和理论分析,然后提出了一种利用嵌入式技术来提取B码信号中同步脉冲的方法。该设计的核心部分是一片CPLD芯片,其内部实现了B码同步脉冲上升延的提取,脉冲宽度调制等功能。对设计过程中出现的关键问题,如脉冲宽度检测和毛刺信号的消除,本文提出了解决方法,并给出了仿真结果。与传统的方法相比,该设计方案具有精度高,体积小,成本低,工作稳定等优点。     

Blood volume regulating hormones, fluid and electrolyte modifications during 21 and 198-day space flights (Altair-MIR 1993)

During the Altair MIR' 93 mission we studied several parameters involved in blood volume regulation. The experiment was done on two cosmonauts before (B-60, B-30), during (D6, D12, D18 for French and D7, D12, D17 for Russian) and after the flight (R+1, R+3 and R+7). Space flight durations were different for two cosmonauts: for the Russian the flight duration was 198 days and for the French 21 days. On board the MIR station only urinary (volume and electrolytes, atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP), cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) and catecholamines) and salivary (cGMP and cortisol) samples were collected, centrifuged and stored in freezer. Lithium was used as a tracer to know exactly the 24 h urine output (CNES urine collection Kit). Before and after flight, blood was drawn with an epicite needle and vacutainer system for hormonal assays (renin, antidiuretic hormone, cGMP, ANP and aldosterone) in two positions: after 30 min rest in upright seated position and after 90 min of supine position. Salivary samples were collected simultaneously. During flight a decrease of diuresis and ANP and an increase of osmolality were found. No modifications of hematocrit, but an increase of salivary cGMP and cortisol were also observed. The decrease of urinary ANP is in favor of hypovolemia as described in previous flights. The postflight examinations revealed changes in fluid-electrolyte metabolism which indicate a hypohydration status and a stimulation of hormonal system responsible for water and electrolyte retention in order to readapt to the normal gravity.     

非离子表面活性剂在水流中的减阻机理

为探讨非离子表面活性剂的减阻机理,在实验确认表面活性剂APG水溶液(Alkyl Polyglucoside)具有湍流减阻功效的基础上,对其剪切粘度、应力松弛特性以及剪切双折射效应,使用锥板流变仪及流动双折射测试仪进行了实验研究.最大减阻率可达70%的APG水溶液,其剪切粘度在低剪切速率区域表现为牛顿流体特性,在大于临界剪切速率区域表现为“SIS”(Shear-Induced Structure),呈现非牛顿流体特性;APG水溶液的剪切应力松弛特性与纯水基本相似,表明“SIS”并不具有粘弹性特性.由剪切双折射效应证实的的棒状胶束聚合结构和具有的较大拉伸粘度可认为是APG水溶液能够实现湍流减阻的主要原因.     

Repair Welding of Casting Magnesium Alloys： A Review

Magnesium (Mg) alloys have broad application prospects in the fields of aerospace, national defense, and military industries, owing to their advantages of high specific strength and stiffness, good damping properties, and excellent castabilities. However, defects such as oxidation inclusions, shrinkage cavities and porosities, and hot cracks are readily generated in Mg alloy components, which seriously reduce the performance stability of the products. Related repair welding technologies for Mg alloys can greatly reduce the rejection rate and production cost, and exhibit significant value in scientific research and engineering application. In this review, the weldability of Mg alloys is introduced firstly according to their physical and chemical properties. Then, various repair welding technologies and pre-weld treatments applicable to Mg alloys are systematically summarized, and the effects of welding parameters as well as heat treatments on the microstructure and performance of the repaired joints are clarified. Finally, the existing problems and development trends of repair welding technologies for Mg alloys are summarized based on the actual engineering application requirements.     

Space Life Science of China in 2015

With the human space exploration activities, space life science is an emerging interdisciplinary and it covers a wide range of research. Based on our country's manned space station and recoverable satellite science experimental platform, the development of space life science research is very important to acquire new knowledge or new innovation in technology, to give further services to the human space exploration activities, to improve the national economic and social development. Based on present situation, both theoretical and applied researches were continuously performed in 2015. Here, we review and summarize the researches on space life sciences which were contributed by Chinese scientists.      

Astrobiologically interesting stars within 10 parsecs of the sun

The existence of life based on carbon chemistry and water oceans relies upon planetary properties, chiefly climate stability, and stellar properties, such as mass, age, metallicity, and galactic orbits. The latter can be well constrained with present knowledge. We present a detailed, up-to-date compilation of the atmospheric parameters, chemical composition, multiplicity, and degree of chromospheric activity for the astrobiologically interesting solar-type stars within 10 parsecs of the Sun. We determined their state of evolution, masses, ages, and space velocities, and produced an optimized list of candidates that merit serious scientific consideration by the future space-based interferometry probes aimed at directly detecting Earthsized extrasolar planets and seeking spectroscopic infrared biomarkers as evidence of photosynthetic life. The initially selected stars number 33 solar-type within the total population (excluding some incompleteness for late M-dwarfs) of 182 stars closer than 10 parsecs. A comprehensive and detailed data compilation for these objects is still lacking; a considerable amount of recent data has so far gone unexplored in this context. We present 13 objects as the nearest "biostars," after eliminating multiple stars, young, chromospherically active, hard x-ray- emitting stars, and low metallicity objects. Three of these "biostars"-- Zeta Tucanae, Beta Canum Venaticorum, and 61 Virginis -- closely reproduce most of the solar properties and are considered as premier targets. We show that approximately 7% of the nearby stars are optimally interesting targets for exobiology.