INTESPACE试验中心为阿里安娜-V型火箭而进行的改造

文章介绍了法国宇航环境工程试验中心(INTESPACE)为满足阿里安娜-V的需要所准备进行的一系列改造.这些工作主要有:增建一个适合大型容器用的空气锁,保持厅内连续的10万级洁净度,建立一个紧凑试验区域,建造一面强效吸波墙,扩展振动设备能力以及改造原热真空设备.这些工作计划于2001年初全部完成.改造工作的完成将保证INTESPACE在独立的欧洲试验中心中继续处于领先地位.     

用全球定位系统对导弹进行实时跟踪

本文将介绍一套利用全球定位系统(GPS)对远程导弹进行实时跟踪的系统。全球定位系统全面投入工作后(八十年代后期),用它来跟踪导弹、飞机和地面车船正是其英雄用武之地。为了充分利用该系统,必须要有一种高经济效率的跟踪方案。在跟踪导弹这样一些非回收性试验体时,尤其要注意这一点。本文所介绍的这些技术就是跟踪非回收性试验导弹的一种经济实惠的方法。其基本方案是被试导弹接收多个GPS信号,将这些混合信号的频率变换到一个新的S波段频率上、然后再将混合的S波段信号发送到地面接收站。地面站接收经转发的GPS信号,并加以处理,得到该导弹的正常伪距和伪距离率测量值。用卡尔曼滤波器计算出位置和速度解。除了能独立工作之外,本文所介绍的系统还能与现有跟踪系统相结合,提高跟踪精度。     

晶体谐振器—振荡器测试设备及测试结果

一、引言美国陆军电子技术及器件实验室(ETDL)的频率控制与计时分部的主要任务是要提高晶体谐振器与振荡器工艺水平,以满足军队用户的要求。第二个任务是向计划管理人员、系统设计人员提供谘询并维持晶体谐振器与振荡器的军用技术指标(也就是MIL-C-3098和MIL-0-55310)。这些任务要求对晶体谐振器和振荡器的工艺水平有详细而实际的了解。本文的目的是概述本实验室的技术力量,介绍一些研究结果,并在需要时向国防部所属用户提供晶体振荡器的测试、选择、技术指标和研制方面的帮助。     

Microbially induced iron precipitation associated with a neutrophilic spring at Borra Caves, Vishakhapatnam, India

The present investigation uncovers various pieces of evidence for the possible biologically induced mineralization in iron mats associated with a pH-neutral spring in the Borra caves, Vishakhapatnam, India. Electron microscopy [scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM)] demonstrated large numbers of (i) hollow tubes (diameter ～1?μm) resembling sheaths of the iron-oxidizing bacteria Leptothrix, (ii) thin (diameter <1?μm) solid fibers of uncertain origin, (iii) nanoscale subspherical to irregularly shaped particles encrusting tubes and fibers, and (iv) aggregates of broken and partially disintegrated sheaths, fibers, and particles embedded in extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) occasionally including microbial cells. X-ray microanalyses by energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) revealed that the mat accumulated largely Fe but also smaller amounts of Si and traces of P and Ca. Particles rich in Si and Al (possibly kaolinite) and Ca (carbonate) were also observed. High-resolution TEM/EDS of unstained ultrathin sections suggests that microbial sheaths were highly mineralized by amorphous to cryptocrystalline Fe-rich phases and less frequently by other fine-grained and fibrous authigenic claylike minerals. Total number of microorganisms in the iron mats was 5.8×10(5) cells, g sed(-1) (wet weight). Analysis of the 16S rRNA gene diversity revealed microorganisms assigned to eight different phyla [Proteobacteria (62%), Chloroflexi (8%), Bacteroidetes (7%), Planctomycetes (1%), Actinobacteria (5%), Acidobacteria (6%), Nitrospira (1%), Firmicutes (5%)]. Within the Proteobacteria, Betaproteobacteria was the predominant class, which accounted for 28% of the sequences. Within this class some obvious similarities between the obtained sequences and sequences from other cave systems could be seen, especially sequences affiliated with Leptothrix, Siderooxidans, Crenothrix, Comamonadaceae, Dechloromonas, and many uncultured Betaproteobacteria. Four (4%) of the sequences could not be assigned to phylum level but were affiliating with the candidate division TM7 (2%), candidate division OP11 (1%), and candidate division WWE3 (1%). The results allow us to infer a possible relationship of microbial sheaths, EPS, and the iron precipitates to microbial community diversity in the Borra cave springs. Understanding biogenic iron oxides in caves has important astrobiological applications as it provides a potential tool for the detection of extraterrestrial life.     

转发式GPS外测系统的接收站设备

在高级拦截器技术计划中利用GPS卫星导航系统来精确测定两种飞行器的弹道。在每个飞行器上安装一个弹道导弹GPS转发器(BMT)咸一个GPS遥测发射机(GTT)。接收站布在现有遥测站上,安装了所需的专门设备,负责接收、记录和处理来BMT和GTT的信号。     

Microbial stowaways: inimitable survivors or hopeless pioneers?

Abstract The resiliency of prokaryotic life has provided colonization across the globe and in the recesses of Earth's most extreme environments. Horizontal gene transfer provides access to a global bank of genetic resources that creates diversity and allows real-time adaptive potential to the clonal prokaryotic world. We assess the likelihood that this Earth-based strategy could provide survival and adaptive potential, in the case of microbial stowaways off Earth. Key Words: Bacillus-Horizontal gene transfer-Bacteria-Earth Mars-Evolution. Astrobiology 12, 710-715.     

美国空军卫星控制网和国防部其它地面支持系统

在设计卫星系统时,一个基本的但经常被忽视的领域是地面支持系统。地面支持系统的及早规划,可以和其它计划共用卫星支持能力,资源共享,从而节省计划开支。要达到这一目标,首先要了解其它地面支持系统的结构和能力。本文是关于地面支持系统的系列文章中的第一篇综述性文章,主要介绍美国军方地面支持系统,重点则是空军卫星控制网(AFSCN)。 空军卫星控制网是一个全球性的遥控、跟踪和通信系统,它为国防部的航天任务提供地面支持。本文介绍了该控制网的历史,描述了目前的情况,并说明了其支持不同卫星计划的途经。本文还介绍了该网的将来和正在考虑的几种系统结构。另外还谈到了海军和陆军的地面支持系统。