新型CW雷达信号的延时—多普勒响应

本文概述了连续波（ＣＷ）雷达原理，并运用此原理获得了新型ＣＷ信号的延时－多普勒响应。近几年来所报道的这些信号由于其良好的周期自相关性能而具有极低的距离边瓣。这种性能是普通线性－调频信号所不具备的。     

玻璃碳断裂性能的一些研究

本文简要介绍用“声共振法”测材料的杨氏模量,用“控制裂纹法”测材料的断裂韧性以及材料的极限应变能释放率的计算。对三种玻璃碳的室温-1023°K的杨氏模量和断裂韧性进行了测定,用电子扫描显微镜对玻璃碳的断裂、氧化和加工表面进行研究观察,分析了玻璃碳的极限应变能释放率并与多晶石墨及碳-碳复合材料进行比较。     

Survival of rock-colonizing organisms after 1.5 years in outer space

Cryptoendolithic microbial communities and epilithic lichens have been considered as appropriate candidates for the scenario of lithopanspermia, which proposes a natural interplanetary exchange of organisms by means of rocks that have been impact ejected from their planet of origin. So far, the hardiness of these terrestrial organisms in the severe and hostile conditions of space has not been tested over extended periods of time. A first long-term (1.5 years) exposure experiment in space was performed with a variety of rock-colonizing eukaryotic organisms at the International Space Station on board the European EXPOSE-E facility. Organisms were selected that are especially adapted to cope with the environmental extremes of their natural habitats. It was found that some-but not all-of those most robust microbial communities from extremely hostile regions on Earth are also partially resistant to the even more hostile environment of outer space, including high vacuum, temperature fluctuation, the full spectrum of extraterrestrial solar electromagnetic radiation, and cosmic ionizing radiation. Although the reported experimental period of 1.5 years in space is not comparable with the time spans of thousands or millions of years believed to be required for lithopanspermia, our data provide first evidence of the differential hardiness of cryptoendolithic communities in space.     

DEMETER卫星记录到的电离层加热现象

在法国DEMETER卫星运行期间, 地基电离层加热装置SURA和HAARP开展了一系列加热试验, 记录到各类电离层异常信息, 发现电离层加热过程中卫星观测的电离层扰动信号包括HF发射泵波及边带泵波、VLF人工源增强及频谱拓展、ULF/ELF/VLF调制波、ELF电磁扰动、ULF谐振波、等离子体特征参量扰动及高能粒子沉降等. 由于传播及耦合机制的差异, 发射泵波可以穿透电离层直达卫星高度, 其观测概率最高达到68%以上, 其他扰动受发射调制模式及当地电磁环境等影响,观测概率相对较低, 均在40%左右, 有些甚至是某次试验中出现的个别事例. 结合中国地震电磁监测试验卫星飞行轨道设计及载荷配置等,对未来开展加热试验进行了分析论证, 并参考DEMETER卫星试验结果给出了一些建议.      

Evaluation of Turbulence Models in Predicting Hypersonic and Subsonic Base Flows Using Grid Adaptation Techniques

The flows behind the base of a generic rocket, at both hypersonic and subsonic flow conditions, are numerically studied. The main concerns are addressed to the evaluation of turbulence models and the using of grid adaptation techniques. The investiga- tion focuses on two configurations, related to hypersonic and subsonic experiments. The applicability tests of different turbulence models are conducted on the level of two-equation models calculating the steady state solution of the Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes(RANS) equations. All used models, the original Wilcox k-ω, the Menter shear-stress transport (SST) and the explicit algebraic Reynolds stress model(EARSM) formulation, predict an asymmetric base flow in both cases caused by the support of the models. A comparison with preliminary experimental results indicates a preference for the SST and EARSM results over the results from the older k-ω model. Sensitivity studies show no significant influence of the grid topology or the location of the laminar to turbulent transition on the base flow field, but a strong influence of even small angles of attack is reported from the related experiments.     

Advances in the Researches of the Middle and Upper Atmosphere in China in 2012–2014

In this report we summarize the research results by Chinese scientists in 2012–2014. The focuses are placed on the researches of the middle and upper atmosphere, specifically the researches related to ground-based observation capability development, dynamical processes, the property of circulation and chemistry-climate coupling of the middle atmospheric layers.     

Control of Lunar and Martian dust--experimental insights from artificial and natural cyanobacterial and algal crusts in the desert of Inner Mongolia, China

Studies on the colonization of environmentally extreme ground surfaces were conducted in a Mars-like desert area of Inner Mongolia, People's Republic of China, with microalgae and cyanobacteria. We collected and mass-cultured cyanobacterial strains from these regions and investigated their ability to form desert crusts artificially. These crusts had the capacity to resist sand wind erosion after just 15 days of growth. Similar to the surface of some Chinese deserts, the surface of Mars is characterized by a layer of fine dust, which will challenge future human exploration activities, particularly in confined spaces that will include greenhouses and habitats. We discuss the use of such crusts for the local control of desert sands in enclosed spaces on Mars. These experiments suggest innovative new directions in the applied use of microbe-mineral interactions to advance the human exploration and settlement of space.     

Combustion modeling in a model combustor

The flow-field of a propane-air diffusion flame combustor with interior and exterior conjugate heat transfers was numerically studied.Results obtained from four combustion models,combined with the re-normalization group(RNG) k-ε turbulence model,discrete ordinates radiation model and enhanced wall treatment are presented and discussed.The results are compared with a comprehensive database obtained from a series of experimental measurements.The flow patterns and the recirculation zone length in the combustion chamber are accurately predicted,and the mean axial velocities are in fairly good agreement with the experimental data,particularly at downstream sections for all four combustion models.The mean temperature profiles are captured fairly well by the eddy dissipation(EDS),probability density function(PDF),and laminar flamelet combustion models.However,the EDS-finite-rate combustion model fails to provide an acceptable temperature field.In general,the flamelet model illustrates little superiority over the PDF model,and to some extent the PDF model shows better performance than the EDS model.      

碧血情殉——记抗日期间空军一对恋人的痴情感人故事

日本军阀于1931年在我东北借故发动九一八事件,侵占我东北三省,乃其阴谋侵略我国的第一步,当时使我全国同胞震惊,大家同仇敌忾一心抗日.不少热血青年争相从军报国,在学青年不少也弃笔从戒,改考各军事学校救亡图存.其中有的则受国父的航空救国的感召,投考航空学校的更形踊跃.须知当时的航校除在杭州有一中央航空学校之外,仅在广州尚有一个广东航校,在柳州也有一个广西航校而已,且各校每期招生人数有限,加上报考人数多,能考上被录取的比率,平均只有百分之一、二而已,其难度有似满清时代考状元一样.乃因当年所定空勤体检标准特别高,是考生们的难关.当时在杭州国立艺专就读的有位南国青年名叫黄荣发,每次假日身临风景明媚的西子湖畔,每值碰上穿着军装神气活现的航校学生,总觉得不是味道,与自己有些差异.他原是一个活泼好动的青年,什么学校不进,偏偏进去与自己个性完全不相称的艺专,而且还是千里迢迢远从广东台山家乡而来,未免有点委屈了自己的感觉.1935年夏,他已按耐不住,要非去改考航校不可,正是皇心不负苦心人,他被录取了,黄是个性情好动的人,在南京小营军校入伍的期间,每遇校中有任何游艺集会的场合,总少不了有他的表演.小提琴固是他拿手节目之一,尚有和尚学女舞一项,每次表演的花样     

电子抗干扰改善因子(EIF)

人类发展的历史是不断战胜邪恶的历史,在雷达发展史上也同样有类似的情况,在人类发展过程中,人创造了雷达,雷达用于战争,提供了远距离的,全天候的眼睛。这样就出现了电子干扰进入雷达图象的现象。人们观察到了电子干扰,就决定纠正,因此就产生了电子抗干扰。在雷达初期阶段,在雷达作用距离范围内几乎观察不到干扰,提高雷达灵敏度以增大探测距离会产生不需要的副作用。但自然电子干