Universal scaling laws for fully-developed magnetic field turbulence near and far upstream of the Earth’s bow shock

We analyze the multifractal scaling of the modulus of the interplanetary magnetic field near and far upstream of the Earth’s bow shock, measured by Cluster and ACE, respectively, from 1 to 3 February 2002. The maximum order of the structure function is carefully estimated for each time series using two different techniques, to ensure the validity of our high-order statistics. The first technique consists of plotting the integrand of the pth order structure function, and the second technique is a quantitative method which relies on the power-law scaling of the extreme events. We compare the scaling exponents computed from the structure functions of magnetic field differences with the predictions obtained by the She–Lévêque model of intermittency in anisotropic magnetohydrodynamic turbulence. Our results show a good agreement between the model and the observations near and far upstream of the Earth’s bow shock, rendering support for the modelling of universal scaling laws based on the Kolmogorov phenomenology in the presence of sheet-like dissipative structures.     

Solar wind turbulence during the solar cycle deduced from Galileo coronal radio-sounding experiments

Seven coronal radio-sounding campaigns were carried out during the active lifetime of the Galileo spacecraft in the years 1994–2002. The observational data analyzed in the present work are S-band frequency fluctuation measurements recorded during the solar conjunctions at different phases of solar activity cycle #23, specifically: periods near solar maximum (three conjunctions), near solar minimum (three conjunctions) and during the ascending phase (one conjunction). These data are all applicable to low heliographic latitudes, i.e. to the slow solar wind. The rms frequency fluctuation and power-law index of the frequency fluctuation temporal spectra are determined as a function of heliocentric distance. The turbulence power spectrum tends to be flatter inside ca. 20 solar radii during all phases of the solar cycle. This coincides with a transition in the flow from the inner acceleration region to the outer region of constant velocity. The radial falloff rate and absolute level of the rms frequency fluctuation are essentially invariant over the solar cycle.     

High-Speed Homopolar Inductor Alternators of Minimum Leakage Reactance

The leakage reactance of the machine is expressed as an equation involving slot leakage, end-connection leakage, differential leakage, stator-halves leakage, and tooth-top leakage reactance. This leakage reactance equation, or objective function, is then minimized under suitable constraints. Geometric programming is used to carry through the optimization procedure. A computer program is developed and applied to find the optimum leakage reactance for a 95 kVA, 208 V, wye-connected, 40 800 r/min aerospace alternator, using 8-, 10-, and 12-pole machines.     

NF-3风洞神经网络自适应稳风速控制系统研制

介绍西北工业大学NF-3大型低速直流式翼型风洞改进后的稳风速控制系统的结构、控制原理和性能特点.针对低速直流风洞风速控制系统建模困难,易受外界干扰影响,且自身参数时变不确定,控制难度大的特点,新系统采用了多线程、数字式数据采集方式,带死区控制的PSD神经网络自适应控制算法.通过在NF-3风洞三元试验段和二元试验段的实际应用,与正在使用的模糊控制系统相比较,新系统的适应性和鲁棒性更强,调试时间大为缩短,风速控制精度在风速大于10m/s时从国军标的合格指标0.3%提高到先进指标0.1%,稳定时间减少了10%左右,人机交互也更加友好.     

Reconnection on open field lines ahead of coronal mass ejections

Plasma and magnetic field signatures from 29 November 1990 indicate that the Ulysses spacecraft passed through a series of interplanetary structures that were most likely formed by magnetic reconnection on open field lines ahead of a coronal mass ejection (CME). This reconnection changed the magnetic topology of the upstream region by converting normal open interplanetary magnetic field into a pair of regions: one magnetically disconnected from the Sun and the other, a tongue, connected back to the Sun at both ends. This process provides a new method for producing both heat flux dropouts and counterstreaming suprathermal electron signatures in interplanetary space. In this paper we expand upon the 29 November case study and argue that reconnection ahead of CMEs should be less common at high heliolatitudes.     

空间高阶差分近似对三维ADI-FDTD数值色散的影响

研究采用空间高阶差分近似的三维交替方向隐式时域有限差分法(ADI-FDTD,Alternating-Direction Implicit Finite-Difference Time-Domain)数值色散问题,首先推导了采用空间高阶差分近似的数值色散迭代公式,分别对最小相速方向和最大相速方向进行二阶、四阶、六阶、十阶空间差分数值色散误差的数值计算和比较,并分析数值色散对空间差分阶数的依赖关系,最后发现在均匀网格中采用四阶空间差分能得到较好的效果.